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Multiscale characterization of singularity structures and behaviors thereof

Planned Research

Project AreaMaterials Science and Advanced Elecronics created by singularity
Project/Area Number 16H06423
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Review Section Science and Engineering
Research InstitutionOsaka University

Principal Investigator

SAKAI AKIRA  大阪大学, 基礎工学研究科, 教授 (20314031)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 今井 康彦  公益財団法人高輝度光科学研究センター, 回折・散乱推進室, 主幹研究員 (30416375)
Project Period (FY) 2016-06-30 – 2021-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2020)
Budget Amount *help
¥60,580,000 (Direct Cost: ¥46,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥13,980,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥10,010,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,310,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥10,010,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,310,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥11,830,000 (Direct Cost: ¥9,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,730,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥11,830,000 (Direct Cost: ¥9,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,730,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥16,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,900,000)
KeywordsナノビームX線回折 / 3次元逆格子マッピング / トモグラフィックマッピング解析 / 深さ分解結晶評価 / 転位 / 漏れ電流 / 逆圧電効果 / 時分割ポンプ-プローブ法 / 時分割パルス放射光回折 / ポンプ&プローブ計測 / AlGaN/GaN HEMT / 結晶性断層マッピング / Ptワイヤプロファイラ / 3次元 / トモグラフィックマッピング / 結晶性断層マッピング解析 / 3次元 / 圧電応答 / Ptワイヤプロファイラー / ナノボイド / 圧電応答特性 / 時間分解ポンプ&プローブ法 / 放射光 / 圧電応答走査プローブ顕微鏡 / 時間分解 / ポンプ&プローブ法 / X線ナノビーム回折 / 電子顕微鏡
Outline of Final Research Achievements

Multi-scale structural analysis and evaluation were performed on crystals and devices of nitride and group IV semiconductors, focusing on the singular structures such as dislocations and nano-voids. The lattice structure was three-dimensionally analyzed with high spatial resolution by using synchrotron radiation nanobeam X-ray diffraction, and the crystallographic effect induced by the singular structure in the buffer layer and the template thick film was clarified. Various microscopy observations clearly revealed the influence of the singularity structure on the current leakage phenomenon related to dislocations and the lattice deformation behavior caused by the piezoelectricity proper to nitride semiconductors. Furthermore, we succeeded in time-resolved analysis of lattice deformation behaviors caused by the inverse piezoelectric effect in the nitride semiconductor device using in-situ X-ray diffraction, and clarified the nanosecond-order dynamics of the singular structure.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

特異構造の物性や機能を結晶やそれを用いたデバイスへ有効活用するには、その結晶学的構造の解明が不可欠である。特に、特異構造がデバイス活性層やその周囲の結晶相に与える歪等の影響を知ることは、結晶の学理に基づいて特異構造を深く理解し、それを基板結晶やデバイスへ応用していくうえで重要である。本研究では3次元マルチスケールをキーワードに、そうした空間的構造の解明に注力した。さらに、結晶のデバイス応用を視点に入れれば、特異構造の時間的挙動に関わる知見も必要となる。本研究では特異構造の時間発展を含めた4次元構造解析にも着手しており、新たな学理構築に寄与するとともに、産業応用の観点から社会的にも意義深い。

Report

(6 results)
  • 2020 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2019 Annual Research Report
  • 2018 Annual Research Report
  • 2017 Annual Research Report
  • 2016 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (107 results)

All 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (5 results) Journal Article (18 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 3 results,  Peer Reviewed: 17 results,  Open Access: 2 results,  Acknowledgement Compliant: 2 results) Presentation (84 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 33 results,  Invited: 10 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] コーネル大学(米国)

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] imec(ベルギー)

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] imec(ベルギー)

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] imec(ベルギー)

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] imec(ベルギー)

    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Local piezoelectric properties in Na-flux GaN bulk single crystals2020

    • Author(s)
      Ueda A.、Hamachi T.、Okazaki A.、Takeuchi S.、Tohei T.、Imanishi M.、Imade M.、Mori Y.、Sakai A.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Applied Physics

      Volume: 128 Issue: 12 Pages: 125110-125110

    • DOI

      10.1063/5.0018336

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Polarity Inversion of Nitride Semiconductors and Application to Deep-Ultraviolet Photonic Devices2020

    • Author(s)
      林 侑介
    • Journal Title

      Journal of the Japanese Association for Crystal Growth

      Volume: 47 Issue: 3 Pages: n/a

    • DOI

      10.19009/jjacg.47-3-06

    • NAID

      130007930973

    • ISSN
      0385-6275, 2187-8366
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Local current leakage at threading dislocations in GaN bulk single crystals grown by a modified Na-flux method2019

    • Author(s)
      Hamachi Takeaki、Tohei Tetsuya、Imanishi Masayuki、Mori Yusuke、Sakai Akira
    • Journal Title

      Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

      Volume: 58 Issue: 5 Pages: 050918-050918

    • DOI

      10.7567/1347-4065/ab14f9

    • NAID

      210000155665

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Quantitative analysis of lattice plane microstructure in the growth direction of a modified Na-flux GaN crystal using nanobeam X-ray diffraction2019

    • Author(s)
      Shida Kazuki、Yamamoto Nozomi、Tohei Tetsuya、Imanishi Masayuki、Mori Yusuke、Sumitani Kazushi、Imai Yasuhiko、Kimura Shigeru、Sakai Akira
    • Journal Title

      Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

      Volume: 58 Issue: SC Pages: SCCB16-SCCB16

    • DOI

      10.7567/1347-4065/ab0d05

    • NAID

      210000155953

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Correlation between current leakage and structural properties of threading dislocations in GaN bulk single crystals grown using a Na-flux method2019

    • Author(s)
      Hamachi Takeaki、Tohei Tetsuya、Imanishi Masayuki、Mori Yusuke、Sakai Akira
    • Journal Title

      Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

      Volume: 58 Issue: SC Pages: SCCB23-SCCB23

    • DOI

      10.7567/1347-4065/ab1392

    • NAID

      210000156139

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Current status of nanobeam x-ray diffraction station at SPring-82019

    • Author(s)
      Imai Yasuhiko、Sumitani Kazushi、Kimura Shigeru
    • Journal Title

      AIP Conference Proceedings

      Volume: 2054 Pages: 050004-050004

    • DOI

      10.1063/1.5084622

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Depth-resolved analysis of lattice distortions in high-Ge-content SiGe/compositionally graded SiGe films using nanobeam x-ray diffraction2018

    • Author(s)
      Shida Kazuki、Takeuchi Shotaro、Tohei Tetsuya、Imai Yasuhiko、Kimura Shigeru、Schulze Andreas、Caymax Matty、Sakai Akira
    • Journal Title

      Semiconductor Science and Technology

      Volume: 33 Issue: 12 Pages: 124005-124005

    • DOI

      10.1088/1361-6641/aae6d9

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Facile Synthesis Route of Au-Ag Nanostructures Soaked in PEG2018

    • Author(s)
      Fodjo Essy Kouadio、Canlier Ali、Kong Cong、Yurtsever Ayhan、Guillaume Pohan Lemeyonouin Aliou、Patrice Fato Tano、Abe Masayuki、Tohei Tetsuya、Sakai Akira
    • Journal Title

      Advances in Nanoparticles

      Volume: 07 Issue: 02 Pages: 37-45

    • DOI

      10.4236/anp.2018.72004

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Compound Refractive Lens Optics for Microbeam X-ray Diffraction Measurements at BL13XU in SPring-82018

    • Author(s)
      Sumitani Kazushi、Imai Yasuhiko、Kimura Shigeru
    • Journal Title

      Microscopy and Microanalysis

      Volume: 24 Issue: S2 Pages: 306-309

    • DOI

      10.1017/s1431927618013855

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Development of compound refractive lenses made of quartz glass designed for microdiffraction system at BL13XU in SPring-82018

    • Author(s)
      Sumitani K.、Imai Y.、Kimura S.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Instrumentation

      Volume: 13 Issue: 09 Pages: C09002-C09002

    • DOI

      10.1088/1748-0221/13/09/c09002

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Time response demonstration of in situ lattice deformation under an applied electric field by synchrotron-based time-resolved X-ray diffraction in polar-axis-oriented epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 film2018

    • Author(s)
      Sato Tomoya、Ichinose Daichi、Oshima Naoya、Mimura Takanori、Nemoto Yuichi、Shimizu Takao、Imai Yasuhiko、Uchida Hiroshi、Sakata Osami、Funakubo Hiroshi
    • Journal Title

      Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

      Volume: 57 Issue: 9 Pages: 0902B8-0902B8

    • DOI

      10.7567/jjap.57.0902b8

    • NAID

      210000149599

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Domain Switching by Applied Electric Field in (001) and (111)-epitaxial (K<inf>0.5</inf>Na<inf>0.5</inf>)NbO<inf>3</inf>Films2018

    • Author(s)
      Kawano M.、Yamada T.、Matsuo S.、Yoshino M.、Nagasaki T.、Sakata O.、Imai Y.
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of 2018 IEEE ISAF-FMA-AMF-AMEC-PFM Joint Conference (IFAAP 2018)

      Volume: なし Pages: 1-3

    • DOI

      10.1109/isaf.2018.8463311

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 半導体結晶中特異構造の3次元微細構造解2018

    • Author(s)
      酒井 朗,鎌田祥平,志田和己,竹内正太郎,今井康彦,木村 滋
    • Journal Title

      日本結晶成長学会誌

      Volume: 45

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Leakage current analysis for dislocations in Na-flux GaN bulk single crystals by conductive atomic force microscopy2018

    • Author(s)
      Hamachi T.、Takeuchi S.、Tohei T.、Imanishi M.、Imade M.、Mori Y.、Sakai A.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Applied Physics

      Volume: 123 Issue: 16 Pages: 161417-161417

    • DOI

      10.1063/1.5011345

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Microstructural analysis in the depth direction of a heteroepitaxial AlN thick film grown on a trench-patterned template by nanobeam X-ray diffraction2018

    • Author(s)
      Shida K.、Takeuchi S.、Tohei T.、Miyake H.、Hiramatsu K.、Sumitani K.、Imai Y.、Kimura S.、Sakai A.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Applied Physics

      Volume: 123 Issue: 16 Pages: 161563-161563

    • DOI

      10.1063/1.5011291

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Control of dislocation morphology and lattice distortion in Na-flux GaN crystals2017

    • Author(s)
      Takeuchi S.、Mizuta Y.、Imanishi M.、Imade M.、Mori Y.、Sumitani K.、Imai Y.、Kimura S.、Sakai A.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Applied Physics

      Volume: 122 Issue: 10 Pages: 105303-105303

    • DOI

      10.1063/1.4989647

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Tomographic mapping analysis in the depth direction of high-Ge-content SiGe layers with compositionally graded buffers using nanobeam X-ray diffraction2017

    • Author(s)
      K. Shida, S. Takeuchi, Y. Imai, S. Kimura, A. Schulze, M. Caymax, A. Sakai
    • Journal Title

      ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

      Volume: 9 Issue: 15 Pages: 13726-13732

    • DOI

      10.1021/acsami.7b01309

    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research / Acknowledgement Compliant
  • [Journal Article] Microstructural analysis of an epitaxial AlN thick film/trench-patterned template by three-dimensional reciprocal lattice space mapping technique2016

    • Author(s)
      S. Kamada, S. Takeuchi, D. T. Khan, H. Miyake, K. Hiramatsu, Y. Imai, S. Kimura, A. Sakai
    • Journal Title

      Applied Physics Express

      Volume: 9 Issue: 11 Pages: 111001-111001

    • DOI

      10.7567/apex.9.111001

    • NAID

      210000138078

    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research / Acknowledgement Compliant
  • [Presentation] Operando analysis of local strain induced by inverse piezoelectric effect in AlGaN/GaN HEMT using synchrotron radiation nanobeam X-ray diffraction2021

    • Author(s)
      A. Sakai
    • Organizer
      SPIE Photonics West 2021, OE107, Gallium Nitride Materials and Devices XVI
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Advanced analysis of singularity structures in semiconductor materials and devices by synchrotron radiation nanobeam X-ray diffraction2021

    • Author(s)
      A. Sakai, Y. Imai, Y. Hayasahi, and T. Tohei
    • Organizer
      Virtual Workshop on Materials Science and Advanced Electronics Created by Singularity
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Sputtered and annealed AlN templates for photonic and electronic devices2021

    • Author(s)
      Y. Hayashi, R. Chaudhuri, Y. Cho, H. G. Xing, D. Jena, H. Miyake, T. Tohei, and A. Sakai
    • Organizer
      Virtual Workshop on Materials Science and Advanced Electronics Created by Singularity
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Space- and time-revolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction for analysis of singularity structures in semiconductor materials2021

    • Author(s)
      A. Sakai, Y. Hayashi, T. Tohei, and Y. Imai
    • Organizer
      The 8th Asian Conference on Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology (CGCT-8)
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Structural analysis of Na-flux GaN by nanobeam X-ray diffraction: Local lattice constant variation depending on the growth sector2021

    • Author(s)
      Z. D. Wu, K. Shida, T. Hamachi, Y. Hayashi, T. Tohei, M. Imanishi, Y. Mori, K. Sumitani, Y. Imai, S. Kimura, and A. Sakai
    • Organizer
      The 8th Asian Conference on Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology (CGCT-8)
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Depth-resolved three-dimensional characterization of semiconductor materials using nanobeam X-ray diffraction combined with differential-aperture technique2021

    • Author(s)
      Y. Imai, K. Sumitani, S. Kimura, T. Hamachi, K. Shida, T. Tohei, H. Miyake, and A. Sakai
    • Organizer
      The 8th Asian Conference on Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology (CGCT-8)
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] AlGaN/GaN HEMTデバイスにおける局所圧電格子変形の放射光ナノビームX線回折オペランド計測2021

    • Author(s)
      塩見 春奈、嶋田 章宏、藤平 哲也、林 侑介、金木 奨太、橋詰 保、今井 康彦、隅谷 和嗣、木村 滋、酒井 朗
    • Organizer
      第68回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ナノビームX線回折によるHVPE-GaNバルク結晶における単独貫通転位周辺の局所歪解析2021

    • Author(s)
      濱地 威明、藤平 哲也、林 侑介、宇佐美 茂佳、今西 正幸、森 勇介、隅谷 和嗣、今井 康彦、木村 滋、酒井 朗
    • Organizer
      第68回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ナノビームX線回折法によるNPSS上AlN厚膜の深さ分解結晶性トモグラフィック評価 第2021

    • Author(s)
      山本 望、林 侑介、濱地 威明、中西 悠太、藤平 哲也、隅谷 和嗣、今井 康彦、木村 滋、正直 花奈子、三宅 秀人、酒井 朗
    • Organizer
      第68回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ナノビームX線回折によるOVPE成長GaN結晶の微細構造解析2021

    • Author(s)
      栗谷 淳、藤平 哲也、濱地 威明、林 侑介、滝野 淳一、隅 智亮、宇佐美 茂佳、今西 正幸、森 勇介、隅谷 和嗣、今井 康彦、木村 滋、酒井 朗
    • Organizer
      第68回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Analysis of stress and impurity evolution related to growth sector in Na-flux GaN by nanobeam X-ray diffraction2021

    • Author(s)
      Z. D. Wu, T. Hamachi, Y. Hayashi, T. Tohei, M. Imanishi, Y. Mori, K. Sumitani, Y. Imai, S. Kimura, and A. Sakai
    • Organizer
      第68回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] HVPE-GaNバルク結晶におけるa及びa+cタイプ貫通転位の3次元的伝播挙動の解析2020

    • Author(s)
      濱地 威明、藤平 哲也、林 侑介、今西 正幸、森 勇介、酒井 朗
    • Organizer
      第81回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] N-PSS上スパッタ堆積アニールAlNテンプレートに成長させたAlN厚膜の微細構造解析2020

    • Author(s)
      山本 望、濱地 威明、林 侑介、藤平 哲也、三宅 秀人、酒井 朗
    • Organizer
      第81回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] スパッタ法と高温アニールで作製した-c/+c AlN薄膜の電子線回折による極性判定2020

    • Author(s)
      林 侑介、野本 健斗、濱地 威明、藤平 哲也、三宅 秀人、五十嵐 信行、酒井 朗
    • Organizer
      第81回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] HVPE-GaNバルク結晶における貫通転位の3次元的形態とバーガースベクトルの関係2020

    • Author(s)
      濱地 威明、藤平 哲也、林 侑介、今西 正幸、森 勇介、五十嵐 信行、酒井 朗
    • Organizer
      第81回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] AlGaN/GaN HEMTデバイスにおける局所圧電格子変形の放射光ナノビームX線回折オペランド計測2020

    • Author(s)
      嶋田 章宏、塩見 春奈、藤平 哲也、林 侑介、金木 奨太、橋詰 保、今井 康彦、隅谷 和嗣、
    • Organizer
      第81回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Structural analysis of Na flux GaN by nanobeam X ray diffraction: Local lattice constant variation depending on the growth mode2020

    • Author(s)
      Z. D. Wu, K. Shida, T. Hamachi, Y. Hayashi, T. Tohei, M. Imanishi, Y. Mori, K. Sumitani, Y. Imai, S. Kimura, and A. Sakai
    • Organizer
      第81回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] OVPE法で成長した GaN バルク単結晶の微細構造解析2020

    • Author(s)
      栗谷 淳、藤平 哲也、濱地 威明、林 侑介、滝野 淳一、隅 智亮、今西 正幸、森 勇介、隅谷 和嗣、今井 康彦、木村 滋、酒井 朗
    • Organizer
      第81回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 複合顕微鏡アプローチによる機能性結晶のマルチスケール構造・物性解析2020

    • Author(s)
      藤平哲也
    • Organizer
      令和2年度 日本材料学会半導体エレクトロニクス部門委員会 第1回特別研究会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Structural analysis of Na-flux GaN by nanobeam X-ray diffraction2020

    • Author(s)
      Z. D. Wu, K. Shida, T. Hamachi, Y. Hayashi, T. Tohei, M. Imanishi, Y. Mori, K. Sumitani, Y. Imai, S. Kimura, and A. Sakai
    • Organizer
      日本結晶成長学会ナノエピ分科会「第12回ナノ構造・エピタキシャル成長講演会」
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Systematical analysis in local lattice constant variation depending on stress and impurity evolution in Na-flux GaN2020

    • Author(s)
      Z. D. Wu, K. Shida, Y. Hayashi, T. Tohei, M. Imanishi, Y. Mori, K. Sumitani, Y. Imai, S. Kimura, and A. Sakai
    • Organizer
      第3回結晶工学×ISYSE 合同研究会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ナノビームX線回折法による高Ge組成SiGe/組成傾斜SiGe/Si積層構造の深さ分解結晶性トモグラフィック評価2020

    • Author(s)
      志田和己、藤平哲也、林 侑介、隅谷和嗣、今井康彦、木村 滋、酒井 朗
    • Organizer
      第67回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Na-flux-GaN上に育成したHVPE-GaNバルク単結晶における貫通転位の形態と漏れ電流特性の評価2020

    • Author(s)
      濱地威明、藤平哲也、林 侑介、今西正幸、森 勇介、酒井 朗
    • Organizer
      第67回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 高温熱処理したスパッタAlN膜の熱歪解析2020

    • Author(s)
      林 侑介、上杉謙次郎、正直花奈子、三宅秀人、藤平哲也、酒井 朗
    • Organizer
      第67回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 高Ge添加NaフラックスGaN結晶の特異構造解析2020

    • Author(s)
      古賀一朗、林 侑介、藤平哲也、佐藤 隆、三好直哉、村上明繁、皿山正二、今井康彦、隅谷和嗣、木村 滋、酒井 朗
    • Organizer
      応用物理学会関西支部2019年第3回支部講演会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Oxide-Vapor-Phase-Epitaxy法で成長したGaNバルク単結晶の微細構造解析2020

    • Author(s)
      栗谷 淳、藤平哲也、志田和己、濱地威明、林 侑介、滝野淳一、隅 智亮、今西正幸、森 勇介、隅谷和嗣、今井康彦、木村 滋、酒井 朗
    • Organizer
      応用物理学会関西支部2019年第3回支部講演会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Nano-patterned sapphire substrate上のスパッタ堆積アニールAlNテンプレートを用いたAlN厚膜の欠陥構造解析2020

    • Author(s)
      山本 望、濱地威明、林 侑介、藤平哲也、三宅秀人、酒井 朗
    • Organizer
      応用物理学会関西支部2019年第3回支部講演会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Operando analysis of local piezoelectric lattice distortion in AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices using synchrotron radiation nanobeam X-ray diffraction2019

    • Author(s)
      Ueda A、Shiomi H、Tohei T、Ando Y、Hashizume T、Imai Y、Sumitani K、Kimura S、Sakai A
    • Organizer
      13th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Multilateral investigation of electrical and microstructural properties of threading dislocations in Na-flux-grown GaN crystals2019

    • Author(s)
      Hamachi T、Tohei T、Imanishi M、Mori Y、Sakai A
    • Organizer
      13th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Fabrication of +c/-c AlN Structure toward IR Wavelength Conversion2019

    • Author(s)
      Hayashi Y、Uesugi K、Shojiki K、Katayama R、 Sakai A、Miyake H
    • Organizer
      8th International Symposium on Control of Semiconductor Interfaces
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Defect structure analysis of OVPE grown homoepitaxial GaN thick film2019

    • Author(s)
      Tohei T、Manabe M、Takino J、Sumi T、Imanishi M、Mori Y、Sakai A
    • Organizer
      The 9th Asia-Pacific Workshop on Widegap Semiconductors (APWS2019)
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Depth-resolved three-dimensional characterization of semiconductors using nanobeam X-ray diffraction combined with a differential-aperture technique2019

    • Author(s)
      Imai Y、Sumitani K、Kimura S、Shida K、Tohei T、Sakai A
    • Organizer
      The 8th Conference on Defects-Recognition, Imaging and Physics in Semiconductors (DRIP XVIII)
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] HVPE-GaNバルク単結晶中貫通転位における漏れ電流特性に及ぼす転位構造の影響2019

    • Author(s)
      濱地威明、藤元聖人、藤平哲也、林 侑介、今西正幸、森 勇介、酒井 朗
    • Organizer
      第2回結晶工学×ISYSE 合同研究会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Microstructure analysis of FFC-GaN crystal2019

    • Author(s)
      Wu Zhendong、Shida Kazuki、Hamachi Takeaki、Tohei Tetsuya、Hayashi Yusuke、Imanishi Masayuki、Mori Yusuke、Sumitani Kazushi、Imai Yasuhiko、Kimura Shigeru、Sakai Akira
    • Organizer
      応用物理学会関西支部2019年第2回支部講演会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] HVPE-GaNバルク単結晶における貫通転位の構造と漏れ電流の関連性2019

    • Author(s)
      濱地威明、藤元聖人、藤平哲也、林 侑介、今西正幸、森 勇介、酒井 朗
    • Organizer
      第3回電子材料若手交流会(ISYSE)研究会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 組成傾斜層を有するSi基板上高Ge組成SiGe膜の深さ分解ナノビームX線回折評価2019

    • Author(s)
      志田和己、藤平哲也、林 侑介、隅谷和嗣、今井康彦、木村 滋、酒井 朗
    • Organizer
      第80回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ハイドライド気相成長GaNバルク単結晶の 単独貫通転位における漏れ電流評価2019

    • Author(s)
      濱地威明、藤元聖人、藤平哲也、林 侑介、今西正幸、森 勇介、酒井 朗
    • Organizer
      第80回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 近赤外波長変換に向けた+c AlN/-c AlN構造の作製2019

    • Author(s)
      林 侑介、上杉謙次郎、正直花奈子、片山竜二、酒井 朗、三宅秀人
    • Organizer
      第80回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] NaフラックスGaNバルク単結晶における貫通転位の結晶構造と漏れ電流の関連性2019

    • Author(s)
      濱地威明、藤平哲也、今西正幸、森 勇介、酒井 朗
    • Organizer
      第11回ナノ構造・エピタキシャル成長講演会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 放射光ナノビームX線回折を用いた半導体材料・デバイスの構造解析2019

    • Author(s)
      酒井朗,志田和己,植田瑛,藤平哲也,今井康彦,隅谷和嗣,木村滋
    • Organizer
      第66回応用物理学会春季学術講演会,結晶工学×放射光シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 放射光ナノビームX線回折による窒化物半導体HEMTデバイスにおける圧電応答局所格子変形の直接観測2019

    • Author(s)
      植田瑛,藤平哲也,安藤祐也,橋詰保,今井康彦,隅谷和嗣,木村滋,酒井朗
    • Organizer
      第66回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 放射光ナノビームX線回折による窒化物半導体HEMTデバイスにおける圧電応答局所格子変形ダイナミクスの観測2019

    • Author(s)
      植田瑛、藤平哲也、安藤祐也、橋詰保、今井康彦、隅谷和嗣、木村滋、酒井朗
    • Organizer
      第66回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] NaフラックスGaNバルク単結晶の単独転位における漏れ電流特性とバーガースベクトルの解析2019

    • Author(s)
      濱地 威明, 藤平 哲也, 今西 正幸, 森 勇介, 酒井 朗
    • Organizer
      第66回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] OVPE法によるホモエピタキシャルGaN厚膜の欠陥構造評価2019

    • Author(s)
      真鍋海希,藤平哲也 , 滝野淳一, 隅智亮, 今西正幸, 森勇介, 酒井朗
    • Organizer
      第66回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Three-dimensional Analysis of Defect-related Singularity Structures in Semiconductor Materials2018

    • Author(s)
      Sakai A, Takeuchi S, Shida K, Kamada S, Tohei T, Imai Y, Kimura S, Miyake H, Hiramatsu K
    • Organizer
      OIST-Singularity Project Joint Workshop
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Three-dimensional structural and defect analysis by nanobeam X-ray diffraction for semiconductor materials2018

    • Author(s)
      Sakai A
    • Organizer
      THERMEC'2018
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Defect characterization in nitride semiconductor bulk materials2018

    • Author(s)
      Sakai A
    • Organizer
      The International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors 2018
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Dislocation Properties in Bulk GaN Substrates2018

    • Author(s)
      Sakai A
    • Organizer
      IDGN-4
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Nanobeam X-ray Diffraction Analysis of Local Lattice Distortions in the Growth Direction of a Modified Na-Flux GaN Bulk Crystal2018

    • Author(s)
      Shida K, Takeuchi S, Tohei T, Imanishi M, Mori Y, Sumitani K, Imai Y, Kimura S, Sakai A
    • Organizer
      International Symposium on Growth of III-Nitrides (ISGN-7)
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Leakage current analysis for individual dislocations in the modified Na-flux GaN bulk single crystal2018

    • Author(s)
      Hamachi T, Takeuchi S, Tohei T, Imanishi M, Mori Y, Sakai A
    • Organizer
      International Symposium on Growth of III-Nitrides (ISGN-7)
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Quantitative analysis of lattice plane microstructure in the growth direction of a modified Na-flux GaN crystal using nanobeam X-ray diffraction2018

    • Author(s)
      Shida K, Tohei T, Imanishi M, Mori Y, Sumitani K, Imai Y, Kimura S, Sakai A
    • Organizer
      International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors (IWN2018)
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Local electrical and structural analysis for threading dislocations in the modified Na-flux GaN bulk single crystals2018

    • Author(s)
      Hamachi T, Tohei T, Imanishi M, Mori Y, Sakai A
    • Organizer
      International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors (IWN2018)
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Tomographic mapping analysis of lattice distortions in the depth direction of high-Ge-content SiGe films with compositionally graded buffer layers using nanobeam X-ray diffraction2018

    • Author(s)
      Shida K,Takeuchi S, Tohei T, Imai Y, Kimura S, Schulze A, Caymax M, Sakai A
    • Organizer
      1st Joint ISTDM/ICSI 2018 Conference
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] ナノビームX線回折法による改良型NaフラックスGaNバルク単結晶の深さ方向結晶構造解析2018

    • Author(s)
      志田和己,山本望,藤平哲也,今西正幸,森勇介,隅谷和嗣,今井康彦,木村滋,酒井朗
    • Organizer
      第79回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 改良型NaフラックスGaN単結晶内単独転位の漏れ電流特性解析2018

    • Author(s)
      濱地威明,藤平哲也,今西正幸,森勇介,酒井朗
    • Organizer
      第79回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 圧電応答顕微鏡法によるNaフラックス成長GaN単結晶の局所圧電物性解析圧電応答顕微鏡法によるNaフラックス成長GaN単結晶の局所圧電物性解析2018

    • Author(s)
      植田瑛, 竹内正太郎, 藤平哲也, 今西正幸, 森勇介, 酒井朗
    • Organizer
      平成30年度応用物理学会第2回関西支部講演会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] OVPE法によるホモエピタキシャルGaN厚膜の欠陥構造評価2018

    • Author(s)
      真鍋海希,藤平哲也,滝野淳一,隅智亮,今西正幸,森勇介,酒井朗
    • Organizer
      平成30年度応用物理学会第2回関西支部講演会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 窒化物半導体中の格子欠陥が生み出す特異構造の3次元解析2018

    • Author(s)
      酒井朗,志田和己,竹内正太郎,藤平哲也,今井康彦,木村滋
    • Organizer
      第65回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] ナノビームX線回折を用いた組成傾斜層を有する高Ge組成SiGe膜の結晶深さ方向格子面微細構造トモグラフィック解析2018

    • Author(s)
      志田和己,竹内正太郎,藤平哲也,今井康彦,木村滋,Schluze Andreas,Caymax Matty,酒井朗
    • Organizer
      第65回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 改良型Na フラックスGaN 単結晶内の単独転位における漏れ電流特性評価2018

    • Author(s)
      濱地威明,竹内正太郎,藤平哲也, 今西正幸, 今出完, 森勇介, 酒井朗
    • Organizer
      第65回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 白金細線を回折ビームプロファイラーとして用いた深さ分解ナノビームX線回折法の開発2018

    • Author(s)
      今井康彦,木村滋
    • Organizer
      第31回日本放射光学会年会・放射光科学合同シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ルチル型TiO2単結晶の酸素空孔分布による抵抗変化の繰返し特性2017

    • Author(s)
      清水拓磨、竹内正太郎、酒井朗
    • Organizer
      第64回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      パシフィコ横浜(神奈川県・横浜市)
    • Year and Date
      2017-03-14
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ルチル型TiO2単結晶メモリスタ素子の抵抗変化領域における価電子状態解析2017

    • Author(s)
      山口賢吾、竹内正太郎、五十嵐信行、酒井朗
    • Organizer
      第64回応用物理学会春季学術講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      パシフィコ横浜(神奈川県・横浜市)
    • Year and Date
      2017-03-14
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 金細線パターンを用いたナノビームX線回折のための試料位置でのゴニオメータ偏芯量評価2017

    • Author(s)
      今井康彦、隅谷和嗣、木村滋
    • Organizer
      第30回日本放射光学会年会・放射光科学合同シンポジウム
    • Place of Presentation
      神戸芸術センター(兵庫県・神戸市)
    • Year and Date
      2017-01-07
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Characterization of local piezoelectric property in Na-flux GaN bulk single crystals2017

    • Author(s)
      Ueda A, Takeuchi S, Tohei T, Imanishi M, Imade M, Mori Y, Sakai A
    • Organizer
      29th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors (ICDS29)
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] In depth microstructural analysis of heteroepitaxial AlN thick films grown on trench-patterned templates by nanobeam X-ray diffraction2017

    • Author(s)
      Shida K, Takeuchi S, Tohei T, Miyake H, Hiramatsu K, Sumitani K, Imai Y, Kimura S, Sakai A
    • Organizer
      29th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors (ICDS29)
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Leakage current analysis for dislocations in Na-flux GaN bulk single crystals by conductive atomic force microscopy2017

    • Author(s)
      Hamachi T, Takeuchi S, Tohei T, Imanishi M, Imade M, Mori Y, Sakai A
    • Organizer
      29th International Conference on Defects in Semiconductors (ICDS29)
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Nano beam X-ray diffraction analysis of Na flux GaN bulk crystals grown with controlling seed crystal surfaces and growth mode2017

    • Author(s)
      Takeuchi S, Mizuta Y, Imanishi M, Imade M, Mori Y, Imai Y, Kimura S, Sakai A
    • Organizer
      The 12th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-12)
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Control of dislocation propagation behaviors in Na-flux GaN bulk crystals2017

    • Author(s)
      Takeuchi S, Mizuta Y, Imanishi M, Imade M, Imai Y, Kimura S, Mori Y, Sakai A
    • Organizer
      The 12th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-12)
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] ナノビームX線回折法による高Ge組成SiGe/組成傾斜SiGeの結晶深さ方向断層マッピング解析2017

    • Author(s)
      志田和己,竹内正太郎,今井康彦,木村滋,Andreas Schulze,Matty Caymax,酒井朗
    • Organizer
      応用物理学会結晶工学分科会 第6回結晶工学未来塾
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] NaフラックスGaN単結晶内の孤立転位に起因した局所漏れ電流特性評価2017

    • Author(s)
      濱地威明, 竹内正太郎, 今西正幸, 今出完, 森勇介, 酒井朗
    • Organizer
      第78回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 圧電応答顕微鏡法によるNa フラックスGaN 単結晶の局所圧電物性解析2017

    • Author(s)
      植田瑛, 竹内正太郎, 今西正幸, 今出完, 森勇介, 酒井朗
    • Organizer
      第78回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ナノビームX線回折法による周期溝加工基板上AlN厚膜の結晶深さ方向構造解析2017

    • Author(s)
      志田和己,竹内正太郎,三宅秀人,平松和政,隅谷和嗣,今井康彦,木村滋,酒井朗
    • Organizer
      第78回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Reversible resistive switching by the voltage-driven control of oxygen vacancy distribution in four terminal planar TiO2-x-based devices2016

    • Author(s)
      T. Shimizu, M. Shimotani, S. Takeuchi, A. Sakai
    • Organizer
      The 20th SANKEN International The 15th SANKEN Nanotechnology Symposium
    • Place of Presentation
      Knowledge Capital Congres Convention Center (Osaka・Osaka)
    • Year and Date
      2016-12-12
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Lattice plane microstructure analysis of Na-flux GaN bulk crystals by nanobeam X-ray diffraction2016

    • Author(s)
      Y. Mizuta, S. Takeuchi, M. Imanishi, M. Imade, Y. Imai, S. Kimura, Y. Mori, A. Sakai
    • Organizer
      The 20th SANKEN International The 15th SANKEN Nanotechnology Symposium
    • Place of Presentation
      Knowledge Capital Congres Convention Center (Osaka・Osaka)
    • Year and Date
      2016-12-12
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Tomographic mapping analysis of high Ge composition SiGe layers with compositionally graded buffers by Nanobeam X-ray diffraction2016

    • Author(s)
      K. Shida, S. Takeuchi, Y. Imai, S. Kimura, A. Shulze, M. Caymax, A. Sakai
    • Organizer
      The 7th International Symposium on Advanced Science and Technology of Silicon Materials
    • Place of Presentation
      Hawaii (USA)
    • Year and Date
      2016-11-21
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Nano beam X-ray diffraction analysis of microstructures in Na-flux GaN bulk crystals grown with controlling seed crystal surfaces and growth mode2016

    • Author(s)
      Y. Mizuta, S. Takeuchi, M. Imanishi, M. Imade, Y. Imai, S. Kimura, Y. Mori, A. Sakai
    • Organizer
      The 7th International Symposium on Advanced Science and Technology of Silicon Materials
    • Place of Presentation
      Hawaii (USA)
    • Year and Date
      2016-11-21
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Demonstration of reversible resistive switching by the control of oxygen vacancy distribution in rutile TiO2-x single crystals2016

    • Author(s)
      T. Shimizu, M. Shimotani, S. Takeuchi, A. Sakai
    • Organizer
      The 7th International Symposium on Advanced Science and Technology of Silicon Materials
    • Place of Presentation
      Hawaii (USA)
    • Year and Date
      2016-11-21
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Synchrotron nano-beam X-Ray diffraction at SPring-82016

    • Author(s)
      Y. Imai, K. Sumitani, S. Kimura
    • Organizer
      The 7th International Symposium on Advanced Science and Technology of Silicon Materials
    • Place of Presentation
      Hawaii (USA)
    • Year and Date
      2016-11-21
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Three-dimensional reciprocal space mapping analysis for localized structures and defects in nitride semiconductor materials2016

    • Author(s)
      A. Sakai, T. Takeuchi
    • Organizer
      International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors (IWN 2016)
    • Place of Presentation
      Florida (USA)
    • Year and Date
      2016-10-02
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] X線マイクロ回折による種結晶表面・成長モード制御NaフラックスGaNの微視的結晶構造解析2016

    • Author(s)
      水田祐貴、竹内正太郎、今西正幸、今出完、今井康彦、木村滋、森勇介、酒井朗
    • Organizer
      第77回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      朱鷺メッセ(新潟県・新潟市)
    • Year and Date
      2016-09-13
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] ルチル型TiO2単結晶の酸素空孔分布制御と抵抗変化特性2016

    • Author(s)
      清水拓磨、竹内正太郎、酒井朗
    • Organizer
      第77回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会
    • Place of Presentation
      朱鷺メッセ(新潟県・新潟市)
    • Year and Date
      2016-09-13
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] An automatic sample positioning system for nano-beam X-ray diffraction multi-scale mapping2016

    • Author(s)
      Y. Imai
    • Organizer
      13th Biennial Conference on High Resolution X-Ray Diffraction and Imaging (XTOP2016)
    • Place of Presentation
      Brno (Czech Republic)
    • Year and Date
      2016-09-04
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Nanobeam X-ray diffraction for tomographic mapping analysis of high Ge content Si1-yGey/compositionally graded Si1-xGex stacked structure2016

    • Author(s)
      K. Shida, S. Takeuchi, Y. Imai, S. Kimura, A. Shulze, M. Caymax, A. Sakai
    • Organizer
      The 20th SANKEN International The 15th SANKEN Nanotechnology Symposium
    • Place of Presentation
      Knowledge Capital Congres Convention Center (Osaka・Osaka)
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research

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Published: 2016-07-04   Modified: 2022-01-27  

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