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Elucidation of the neural mechanism for Shitsukan-value translations

Planned Research

Project AreaAnalysis and synthesis of deep SHITSUKAN information in the real world
Project/Area Number 20H05955
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (A)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Review Section Transformative Research Areas, Section (IV)
Research InstitutionNational Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology

Principal Investigator

南本 敬史  国立研究開発法人量子科学技術研究開発機構, 量子医科学研究所 脳機能イメージング研究センター, 次長 (50506813)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 小松 英彦  玉川大学, 脳科学研究所, 研究員 (00153669)
網田 英敏  京都大学, ヒト行動進化研究センター, 特定助教 (80845321)
村田 航志  福井大学, 学術研究院医学系部門, 助教 (10631913)
Project Period (FY) 2020-11-19 – 2025-03-31
Project Status Granted (Fiscal Year 2024)
Budget Amount *help
¥134,030,000 (Direct Cost: ¥103,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥30,930,000)
Fiscal Year 2024: ¥22,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥17,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥5,100,000)
Fiscal Year 2023: ¥22,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥17,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥5,100,000)
Fiscal Year 2022: ¥22,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥17,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥5,100,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥20,930,000 (Direct Cost: ¥16,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,830,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥46,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥36,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥10,800,000)
Keywords質感 / 価値 / 好み / サル / 神経活動操作 / 神経活動操作技術
Outline of Research at the Start

私たちは多様な感覚情報を評価するにあたって、生物的な欲求、学習・経験、環境、文脈、感情などによる影響をうける。本研究は、この深奥質感認知のコアをなす生態学的価値計算とその変調の仕組みの理解を目指す。そのために高次感覚野と複数の価値変調システムと相互作用による生態学的価値計算処理について、質感や価値に関する神経情報の計測や解読に加え、神経活動を制御することで脳情報処理の相関・因果をあわせて解析する。

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

(1)価値システムと高次感覚野との相互作用による質感-価値変換の並列処理機構の解明:マカクザルを対象として生物学的価値システムの一つである前頭眼窩野やそこから投射する神経経路を化学遺伝学的に抑制する複数の実験結果により、意欲制御(内的欲求の変化に伴う価値判断)、経験・推論に基づく行動、情動音声に対する反応、視覚記憶、のそれぞれの機能に関与する神経ネットワークとその作動原理の理解が進んだ。また、サル用の仮想現実(VR)システムの開発とその利用をすすめ、環境の複雑さと探索行動との関連について定量解析できる可能性を見出した。またサルの下側頭皮質と第一次視覚野のニューロン活動の解析を進め、物体表面属性の形成に重要な役割を果たす充填の過程に第一次視覚野へのフィードバック信号が関係する可能性を見出した。(2)価値システム間をつなぐ神経ネットワークとモノアミン系の作動による価値統合・変調処理の解明:セロトニン受容体の4つのサブタイプの脳内分布と視覚刺激に基づく価値判断課題における役割について調べ、内側前頭葉や扁桃体においてセロトニンが5HT1A受容体を介してコスト感受性を制御している可能性を見出した。また逆行性ウイルスベクターを用いて線条体に投射するドーパミン細胞を標識した。その結果、投射先の違いによってドーパミン細胞のカルビンディン発現レベルに違いがあることを見つけた。この成果は、パーキンソン病患者における価値判断の変容を解明する手がかりとなりうる。さらに、ラット味覚反応試験を用いた行動薬理学実験により、腹側線条体領域(嗅結節)において快反応形成に関わる局所領域を探査し、嗅結節の前内側部が快反応形成に関わることを見出した。

Current Status of Research Progress
Current Status of Research Progress

2: Research has progressed on the whole more than it was originally planned.

Reason

特に、前頭眼窩野の機能と他の脳領域との相互作用についての知見が蓄積されるなど、視覚と価値の変換メカニズムの理解が深まった。また、サルVRシステムの開発が進み、質感と価値の関係に新たな理解が得られる道筋を示した。ドーパミン信号計測については、2頭のサルで成功し、脳内に蛍光ドーパミンセンサーが発現していることを確認できたため、これまでに行ったドーパミンの価値変調システムにかかわる研究結果を裏付けることができた。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

領域の終了に向けて、これまでの成果を取りまとめる。開発したサルVRシステムの応用研究を進め具体的な成果として示せるように取り組む。これまでに行ってきたサル線条体におけるドーパミン信号計測の研究成果を論文化する。

Report

(4 results)
  • 2023 Annual Research Report
  • 2022 Annual Research Report
  • 2021 Annual Research Report
  • 2020 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (53 results)

All 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (4 results) Journal Article (19 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 8 results,  Peer Reviewed: 19 results,  Open Access: 17 results) Presentation (24 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 16 results,  Invited: 20 results) Book (3 results) Remarks (3 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] NIH(米国)

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] NIMH/NIH(米国)

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] ICM/CNRS(フランス)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] NIH(米国)

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Reduced serotonergic transmission alters sensitivity to cost and reward via 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors in monkeys2024

    • Author(s)
      Hori Yukiko、Mimura Koki、Nagai Yuji、Hori Yuki、Kumata Katsushi、Zhang Ming-Rong、Suhara Tetsuya、Higuchi Makoto、Minamimoto Takafumi
    • Journal Title

      PLOS Biology

      Volume: 22 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-25

    • DOI

      10.1371/journal.pbio.3002445

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] An intra-oral flavor detection task in freely moving mice2024

    • Author(s)
      Shiotani Kazuki、Tanisumi Yuta、Osako Yuma、Murata Koshi、Hirokawa Junya、Sakurai Yoshio、Manabe Hiroyuki
    • Journal Title

      iScience

      Volume: 27 Issue: 2 Pages: 108924-108924

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.isci.2024.108924

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Enhancement of Haloperidol-Induced Catalepsy by GPR143, an L-Dopa Receptor, in Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons2024

    • Author(s)
      Arai Masami、... 、Kambe Yuki、... 、Goshima Yoshio
    • Journal Title

      The Journal of Neuroscience

      Volume: 44 Issue: 11 Pages: 1504-1523

    • DOI

      10.1523/jneurosci.1504-23.2024

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Stable Neural Population Dynamics in the Regression Subspace for Continuous and Categorical Task Parameters in Monkeys2023

    • Author(s)
      Chen He、Kunimatsu Jun、Oya Tomomichi、Imaizumi Yuri、Hori Yukiko、Matsumoto Masayuki、Minamimoto Takafumi、Naya Yuji、Yamada Hiroshi
    • Journal Title

      eneuro

      Volume: 10 Issue: 7 Pages: 16-23

    • DOI

      10.1523/eneuro.0016-23.2023

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] A mosaic adeno-associated virus vector as a versatile tool that exhibits high levels of transgene expression and neuron specificity in primate brain.2023

    • Author(s)
      Kimura K; Nagai Y; Hatanaka G; Fang Y; Tanabe S; Zheng A; Fujiwara M; Nakano M; Hori Y; Takeuchi RF; Inagaki M; Minamimoto T; Fujita I; Inoue K; Takada M
    • Journal Title

      Nature Communications

      Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Pages: 4762-4762

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41467-023-40436-1

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Multimodal imaging for validation and optimization of ion channel-based chemogenetics in nonhuman primates2023

    • Author(s)
      Yuki Hori, Yuji Nagai, Yukiko Hori, Kei Oyama, Koki Mimura, Toshiyuki Hirabayashi, Ken-ichi Inoue, Masayuki Fujinaga, Ming-Rong Zhang, Masahiko Takada, Makoto Higuchi, Takafumi Minamimoto
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Neuroscience

      Volume: 43 Issue: 39 Pages: 6619-6627

    • DOI

      10.1523/jneurosci.0625-23.2023

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Targeted Delivery of Chemogenetic Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors to Cortical Sulcus Regions in Macaque Monkeys by Handheld Injections2023

    • Author(s)
      Oyama Kei、Nagai Yuji、Minamimoto Takafumi
    • Journal Title

      BIO-PROTOCOL

      Volume: 13 Issue: 23

    • DOI

      10.21769/bioprotoc.4897

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Chemogenetics for cell-type-specific modulation of signalling and neuronal activity2023

    • Author(s)
      Kang Hye Jin、Minamimoto Takafumi、Wess J?rgen、Roth Bryan L.
    • Journal Title

      Nature Reviews Methods Primers

      Volume: 3 Issue: 1

    • DOI

      10.1038/s43586-023-00276-1

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Local field potential responses associated with perceptual filling-in at blind spot in macaque primary visual cortex2023

    • Author(s)
      Saito Harumi、Masaoka Akihiro、Komatsu Hidehiko
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Neurophysiology

      Volume: 130 Issue: 6 Pages: 1464-1479

    • DOI

      10.1152/jn.00281.2023

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Neural mechanisms of olfaction and motivation for eating2023

    • Author(s)
      村田 航志
    • Journal Title

      The Japanese Journal of Taste and Smell Research

      Volume: 30 Issue: 1 Pages: 29-35

    • DOI

      10.18965/tasteandsmell.30.1_29

    • ISSN
      1340-4806, 2424-1326
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Neuronal mechanisms underlying face recognition in non-human primates2023

    • Author(s)
      Amita H*, Koyano KW, Kunimatsu J.
    • Journal Title

      Japanese Psychological Research

      Volume: -

    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Chemogenetic attenuation of cortical seizures in nonhuman primates2023

    • Author(s)
      Miyakawa Naohisa、Nagai Yuji、Hori Yukiko、Mimura Koki、Orihara Asumi、Oyama Kei、Matsuo Takeshi、Inoue Ken-ichi、Suzuki Takafumi、Hirabayashi Toshiyuki、Suhara Tetsuya、Takada Masahiko、Higuchi Makoto、Kawasaki Keisuke、Minamimoto Takafumi
    • Journal Title

      Nature Communications

      Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-11

    • DOI

      10.1038/s41467-023-36642-6

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Chemogenetic Disconnection between the Orbitofrontal Cortex and the Rostromedial Caudate Nucleus Disrupts Motivational Control of Goal-Directed Action2022

    • Author(s)
      Oyama Kei、Hori Yukiko、Mimura Koki、Nagai Yuji、Eldridge Mark A. G.、Saunders Richard C.、Miyakawa Naohisa、Hirabayashi Toshiyuki、Hori Yuki、Inoue Ken-ichi、Suhara Tetsuya、Takada Masahiko、Higuchi Makoto、Richmond Barry J.、Minamimoto Takafumi
    • Journal Title

      The Journal of Neuroscience

      Volume: 42 Issue: 32 Pages: 6267-6275

    • DOI

      10.1523/jneurosci.0229-22.2022

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Origin of the ease of association of color names: Comparison between humans and AI2022

    • Author(s)
      Komatsu Hidehiko、Maeno Ami、Watanabe Eiji
    • Journal Title

      i-Perception

      Volume: 13 Issue: 5

    • DOI

      10.1177/20416695221131832

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Chemogenetic sensory fMRI reveals behaviorally-relevant bidirectional changes in primate somatosensory network.2021

    • Author(s)
      Hirabayashi T, Nagai Y, Hori Y, Inoue KI, Aoki I, Takada M, Suhara T, Higuchi M, Minamimoto T.
    • Journal Title

      Neuron

      Volume: 109 Issue: 20 Pages: 3312-3322

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.neuron.2021.08.032

    • NAID

      120007166034

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Single caudate neurons encode temporally discounted value for formulating motivation for action.2021

    • Author(s)
      Hori Y, Mimura K, Nagai Y, Fujimoto A, Oyama K, Kikuchi E, Inoue KI, Takada M, Suhara T, Richmond BJ, Minamimoto T.
    • Journal Title

      eLife

      Volume: 10 Pages: 61248-61248

    • DOI

      10.7554/elife.61248

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] D1- and D2-like receptors differentially mediate the effects of dopaminergic transmission on cost-benefit evaluation and motivation in monkeys2021

    • Author(s)
      Hori Yukiko、Nagai Yuji、Mimura Koki、Suhara Tetsuya、Higuchi Makoto、Bouret Sebastien、Minamimoto Takafumi
    • Journal Title

      PLOS Biology

      Volume: 19 Issue: 7 Pages: 3001055-3001055

    • DOI

      10.1371/journal.pbio.3001055

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Structure and function of neural circuit related to gloss perception in the macaque inferior temporal cortex: a case report2021

    • Author(s)
      Komatsu Hidehiko、Nishio Akiko、Ichinohe Noritaka、Goda Naokazu
    • Journal Title

      Brain Structure and Function

      Volume: 226 Issue: 9 Pages: 3023-3030

    • DOI

      10.1007/s00429-021-02324-6

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Relationship between the activities of gloss-selective neurons in the macaque inferior temporal cortex and the gloss discrimination behavior of the monkey2021

    • Author(s)
      Baba M, Nishio A, Komatsu H
    • Journal Title

      Cerebral Cortex Communications

      Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-13

    • DOI

      10.1093/texcom/tgab011

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Presentation] Imaging-Guided Chemogenetics: A Window into Nonhuman Primate Brain Circuts and Functions.2023

    • Author(s)
      Minamimoto T.
    • Organizer
      OHBM
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] ヒト-非ヒト霊長類比較研究ー化学遺伝学を用いた双方向的アプローチ2023

    • Author(s)
      Minamimoto T.
    • Organizer
      第46回日本神経科学大会シンポジウム「神経科学研究の動向と今後の発展の方向性」
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] A fluorescent dopamine sensor reveals distinct signals on reward prediction error and expected reward value in the primate putamen and caudate nucleus2023

    • Author(s)
      Yan G., Amita H., Nonomura S., Inoue K., Takada M.
    • Organizer
      XIVth Meeting for International Basal Ganglia Society
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Local field potential (LFP) oscillations associated with perceptual filling-in at the blind spot in macaque primary visual cortex2023

    • Author(s)
      Saito H, Masaoka A, Komatsu H
    • Organizer
      第46回日本神経科学大会, 神戸
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Identification of subtypes of ultrasonic vocalizations associated with chocolate eating in rats using machine learning2023

    • Author(s)
      Murata K, Ikedo Y, Ryoke T, Shiotani K, Manabe H, Kuroda K, Yoshimura H, and Fukazawa Y
    • Organizer
      Neuroscience 2023 (Society for Neuroscience)
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] ドーパミン蛍光イメージング技術の霊長類脳への適用2023

    • Author(s)
      Amita H.
    • Organizer
      第4回サル脳新技術研究会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] メタコントラスト・マスキングにおける第一次視覚野ニューロン集団の動的特性2023

    • Author(s)
      正岡明浩、斉藤治美、小松英彦
    • Organizer
      第4回サル脳新技術研究会
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Visualizing and manipulating primate brain circuits and functions2022

    • Author(s)
      Minamimoto T.
    • Organizer
      Neuro2022
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Imaging-guided chemogenetics reveals dissociable roles of primate prefronto-subcortical pathways for cognitive functions2022

    • Author(s)
      Minamimoto T.
    • Organizer
      Viral Manipulation on Monkeys Conference, Paris
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Chemogenetic dissection of the primate prefronto-subcortical pathways for cognitive functions2022

    • Author(s)
      Minamimoto T.
    • Organizer
      CNS-JNS symposium, Chinese Neuroscience Society 2022
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Imaging-guided chemogenetics for nonhuman primates2022

    • Author(s)
      Minamimoto T.
    • Organizer
      Genetic technologies for systems neuroscience in non-human primates, NIMH, Bethesda
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Imaging guided chemogenetics: Visualization and manipulation of non-human primate brain circuits and functions2022

    • Author(s)
      Minamimoto T.
    • Organizer
      Multi-disciplinary approach to understand neuronal network architecture to control motor actions, NIPS
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Multiple functional dopamine-basal ganglia circuits in primates2022

    • Author(s)
      Amita H.
    • Organizer
      Japan and Norway United in Brain, Educations and Therapeutics Symposium
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Distinct patterns of dopamine responses to reward association in primate caudate nucleus and putamen as revealed by dLight signals2022

    • Author(s)
      Gaoge Y., Amita H., Nonomura S., Inoue K., Takada M.
    • Organizer
      Neuroscience 2022 (Society for Neuroscience)
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 化学遺伝学とイメージングの融合によるサル脳回路の可視化と機能理解2022

    • Author(s)
      南本 敬史
    • Organizer
      京都大学霊長類研究所共同利用研究会
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Visualizing and manipulating primate brain circuits with DREADDs2022

    • Author(s)
      Minamimoto T.
    • Organizer
      7th CiNet Conference
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] ドーパミン伝達による意欲調節機構サル分子イメージングと行動薬理を用いた解析2021

    • Author(s)
      南本 敬史
    • Organizer
      大阪大学蛋白質研究所セミナー「多様なドーパミン神経伝達から 脳を探る」大阪大学 蛋白質研究所
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Neural mechanism for valuation and motivation in health and disease2021

    • Author(s)
      Minamimoto T, Hori Y, Oyama K
    • Organizer
      第44回日本神経科学大会, 神戸
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Interrogation of monkey brain circuits with imaging-guided chemogenetics2021

    • Author(s)
      Minamimoto T
    • Organizer
      ASPET 2021, American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] The role of perineuronal nets in the substantia nigra pars lateralis in object skill learning2021

    • Author(s)
      Amita H., Takayasu T., Yan G., Hikosaka O., Takada M.
    • Organizer
      第44回日本神経科学大会/CJK 第1回国際会議
    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Neural mechanisms of motivational control based on cost-benefit comparison in monkey2020

    • Author(s)
      南本 敬史
    • Organizer
      第98回日本生理学会大会シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Dopamine, Serotonin, and Motivation2020

    • Author(s)
      南本 敬史
    • Organizer
      京都大学霊長類研究所 共同利用研究会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] The role of the substantia nigra pars lateralis in object skill learning2020

    • Author(s)
      網田 英敏
    • Organizer
      第10回 生理研―霊長研―新潟脳研 合同シンポジウム
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 質感知覚の神経機構を探る2020

    • Author(s)
      小松 英彦
    • Organizer
      電子情報通信学会NC研究会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Book] Annual Review神経 20232023

    • Author(s)
      南本敬史
    • Total Pages
      340
    • Publisher
      中外医学社
    • ISBN
      9784498428003
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] 霊長類の百科事典2023

    • Author(s)
      小松英彦
    • Total Pages
      752
    • Publisher
      丸善出版
    • ISBN
      9784621308042
    • Related Report
      2023 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] 視能訓練学 第2版2023

    • Author(s)
      小松英彦 (共著)
    • Total Pages
      452
    • Publisher
      医学書院
    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks] 量子科学技術研究開発機構 システム神経回路研究グループ

    • URL

      https://www.nirs.qst.go.jp/seika/brain/team/system_09.html

    • Related Report
      2022 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks] 量子科学技術研究開発機構 システム神経回路研究グループ

    • URL

      https://www.nirs.qst.go.jp/seika/brain/team/system_09.html

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report
  • [Remarks] 深奥質感領域HP

    • URL

      https://shitsukan.jp/deep/

    • Related Report
      2021 Annual Research Report

URL: 

Published: 2020-11-24   Modified: 2024-12-25  

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