| Budget Amount *help |
¥103,610,000 (Direct Cost: ¥79,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥23,910,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥20,540,000 (Direct Cost: ¥15,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,740,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥21,580,000 (Direct Cost: ¥16,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,980,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥22,620,000 (Direct Cost: ¥17,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥5,220,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥22,360,000 (Direct Cost: ¥17,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥5,160,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥16,510,000 (Direct Cost: ¥12,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,810,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
We examined sex-determining and -differentiating mechanisms in various vertebrate species including African clawed frogs Xenopus laevis, sand lamprey, leopard gecko, mouse, and teleost fish medaka, and obtained the following conclusion. 1. DM-W may be a sex (female)-determining gene as an anti-testis forming gene in X. laevis. 2. Dmrt1 got another promoter within the first intron for masculinization of somatic cells during vertebrate evolution. 3. We discovered the ‘mass-in-line’ structure in X. laevis, of which analysis suggests that the default sex is female in the species. 4. Undifferentiated sex chromosomes easily allow replacement of a sex-determining gene with another new one. 5. Meiotic recombination counteracts male-biased mutation (male-driven evolution).
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