| Budget Amount *help |
¥99,320,000 (Direct Cost: ¥76,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥22,920,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥17,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,960,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥17,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,960,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥18,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥14,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,200,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥18,070,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,170,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥28,730,000 (Direct Cost: ¥22,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥6,630,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Proteoglycans are extracellular macromolecules composed of a core protein and one or more covalently attached glycosaminoglycan (GAG) sugar chain(s). Recent discoveries of cell-surface GAG receptors led us to propose a novel concept that sugar chains act as physiological ligands that evoke various cellular responses. However, little is known about the intracellular signaling mechanisms downstream of GAG receptors. In this study, we examined whether chondroitin sulfate (CS) and keratan sulfate (KS) GAG chains affect motilities of neuronal growth cones and what signaling mechanisms mediate the growth cone behaviors. We found that extracellular gradients of CS-E and high-sulfated KS repelled growth cones of dorsal root ganglion neurons. The repulsion was dependent on intracellular calcium, and converted into attraction in the presence of higher concentration of cAMP. These results indicate that GAG chains act as bidirectional axon guidance cues in the developing nervous system.
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