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A Historical Study on the Views of Human Abilities and on Institutional Changes in American Higher Education

Research Project

Project/Area Number 01301033
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Research Field Educaion
Research InstitutionInternational Christian University

Principal Investigator

TACHIKAWA Akira  International Christian University, College of Liberal Arts, Associate Professor, 教養学部, 助教授 (70119056)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) ITO Toshio  Kogakukan University, Faculty, of Literature, Associate Professor, 文学部, 助教授 (40151518)
SAKAMOTO Tatsuro  Soka University, Faculty of Education, Associate Professor, 教育学部, 助教授 (60153912)
ASANUMA Shigeru  Nagoya University, Faculty of Education, Associate Professor, 教育学部, 助教授 (30184146)
TAKEICHI Yoshinari  Aichigakuin University, College of General Education, Professor, 教養部, 教授 (80102721)
ICHIMURA Takahisa  Waseda University, Faculty of Education, Professor, 教育学部, 教授 (30063556)
松浦 良充  明治学院大学, 文学部, 専任講師 (30209499)
早川 操  名古屋大学, 教育学部, 助教授 (50183562)
Project Period (FY) 1989 – 1990
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 1990)
Budget Amount *help
¥5,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,100,000)
Fiscal Year 1990: ¥2,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,000,000)
Fiscal Year 1989: ¥3,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,100,000)
KeywordsAmerican higher education / history / ability / meritocracy / honors program / gender / アメリカ高等教育史 / 能力観 / 学生選抜
Research Abstract

(1) The emergence of the idea of ability in American higher education can be traced to the process in which, during the late 18th and early nineteenth centuries, the concepts of character and of virtue underwent a subtle but significant transformation.
(2) Thomas Jefferson who founded the University of Virginia and George Ticknor who tried to reform Havard education in the early years of the nineteenth century, placed special emphasis upon students' ability to choose courses as well as subjects of study.
(3) The now dominant idea of ability, in which "abstract intellectual ability" predominates, has definitively emerged when the graduate school system was established during the later part of the nineteenth century when its students were required to produce a Ph. D. dissertation. In this period, which replaced recitations with lectures, the elitist Jeffersonian ideas of selected students and the more liberal Jacksonian ideas collided in higher education.
(4) During the first half of the twentieth century, the wide-spread use of IQ tests and other "objective" tests has promoted the assumption of fixed abilities. In higher education, honors program was one of the prominent consequences, and yet the program in part represented serious efforts to enhance research among faculty members on the part of small colleges.
(5) Since the 1960s, major arguments on ability revolved around social as well as sexual discrimination in higher education. In his criticism of meritocracy, John Rawls founded his theory of equality upon a new scheme of social contract and won wide acclaim. Again, debates on women's ability saw a radical change and old assumptions about their distinct natures were largely replaced by genuine equality between the sexes, which promoted the cause of women's access to higher education in a novel way.

Report

(3 results)
  • 1990 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report Summary
  • 1989 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (32 results)

All Other

All Publications (32 results)

  • [Publications] TACHIKAWA,AKIRA: "The Honors Program on Trial:Swarthmore,1920s・30s" Journal of the Midwest History of Education Society. XIX. (1991)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1990 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 立川 明: "オレスティ-ズ・A・ブロンソンの社会批判と学者批判" 『社会科学ジャ-ナル』(国際基督教大学). 29. (1991)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1990 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 浅沼 茂: "個性化教育のための評価" 『個性化教育読本』. 5. 44-49 (1990)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1990 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 伊藤 敏雄: "ノ-スカロライナ州の初等教員資格制度" 『皇学館論叢』. 23ー4. 1-28 (1990)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1990 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 松浦 良充: "1980年代アメリカ教育改革が残した課題" 『明治学院論叢』. 460. 93-111 (1990)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1990 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 松浦 良充: "1980ー90年代アメリカ教育改革論議の教育思想史的位置とデュ-イ" 『日本デュ-イ学会紀要』. 32号. (1991)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1990 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 坂本 辰朗: "「教育のエクセレンスとジェンダ-の問題」 『特色を求め求アメリカ教育の挑戦』(89ー115) 分担執筆" 教育開発研究所, 259 (1990)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1990 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 竹市 良成 (田浦 武雄・石黒 一三 編著): "『教育入門』 第8章「教育改革の動向」 第一節「諸外国の教育改革」" 福村出版, 269 (1989)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1990 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] TACHIKAWA, AKIRA: "The Honors Program on Trial : Swarthmore College, 1920S-1930S." J. of The Midwest Hist. of ED. SOC. (US). XIX. (1991)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1990 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] TACHIKAWA, AKIRA: "Orestes A. Brownson as a critic of American Society in The 1840S." J. Of Social Science.XXIX. (1991)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1990 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] ASANUMA, SHIGERU: "Evaluation for Individualized Education." Koseika-Kyouiku-Kokuhon.44-49 (1990)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1990 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] ITO, TOSHIO: "Qualification Sustem for Elementary School Teachers in North Carolina." Kogakukan-Ronso.XXIII-4. 1-28 (1990)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1990 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] MATSUURA, YOSHIMITSU: "Tasks Left Over From American Educational Reforms in The 1980S" Meijigakuin-Ronso.460. 93-111 (1990)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1990 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] MATSUURA, YOSHIMITSU: "The Place of Educational Reform Debates During The 1980S in American Educational History and Dewey" Nihon-Dewey-Gakkai Kiyo.XXXII. (1991)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1990 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] SAKAMOTO, TATSURO: Kyouikukaihatukemnkyujo. Educational Excellence and The Problem of Gender, (1990)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1990 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] TAKEICHI, YOSHINARI: Fukumura Shuppan. Trends in Educational Reforms : Educational Reforms in Foreign Countries, (1989)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1990 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] TACHIKAWA,Akira: "Will One Have to be Trained Nationally First in order to be Educated Internationally?" 1989 Pacific Region Assoc.for Higher Education Proceedings (International Relations National Policies and Higher Education in the Pacific Region.). 161-167 (1990)

    • Related Report
      1990 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 立川 明: "オレスティ-ズ・A・ブロンソンの社会批判と学者批判" 『社会科学ジャ-ナル』(国際基督教大学). 20 (1991)

    • Related Report
      1990 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 浅沼 茂: "個性化教育のための評価" 『個性化教育読本』. 5月. 44-49 (1990)

    • Related Report
      1990 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 伊藤 敏雄: "ノ-スカロライナ州の初等教員資格制度史" 『皇学館論叢』. 23ー4. 1-28 (1990)

    • Related Report
      1990 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 松浦 良充: "1980年代アメリカ教育改革が残した課題" 『明治学院論叢』. 460号. 93-111 (1990)

    • Related Report
      1990 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 松浦 良充: "1980ー90年代アメリカ教育改革論議の教育思想史的位置とデュ-イ" 『日本デュ-イ学会紀要』. 32号. (1991)

    • Related Report
      1990 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 坂本 辰朗: "『特色を求めるアメリカ教育の挑戦』分担執筆 「教育のエクセレンスとジェンダ-の問題」(pp.89ー115)" 教育開発研究所, 259 (1990)

    • Related Report
      1990 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 竹市 良成(田浦 武雄・石黒 一三編著): "『教育入門』第8章教育改革の動向 第一節諸外国の教育改革" 福村出版, 269 (1989)

    • Related Report
      1990 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 立川明: "私のアメリカ大学史研究と図書館体験" 国際基督教大学図書館公開講演集. 4. 7-31 (1989)

    • Related Report
      1989 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] TACHIKAWA,Akira: "Review of Horio Teruhisa's Edncational Thonght and Ideology in Modern Japan." History of Education Quarterly(U.S.). XXIX-4. 638-641 (1989)

    • Related Report
      1989 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 坂本辰朗: "アメリカ高等教育におけるジェンダ-の問題" 大学史研究. 5. 15-21 (1989)

    • Related Report
      1989 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 早川操: "アメリカにおけるデュ-イ哲学再評価の動向(I)" 名古屋大学教育学部紀要. 35. 13-32 (1989)

    • Related Report
      1989 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 早川操: "神・人間・自然-デュ-イの『経験』の宗教学" 日本デュ-イ学会紀要. 30. 152-159 (1989)

    • Related Report
      1989 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 松浦良充: "すべての人にとっての最良の教育-学習社会のリベラル・エデュケ-ション" 現代思想. XVII-8. 88-97

    • Related Report
      1989 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 坂本辰朗(分担執筆): "熊谷一乗編『人間性と教育』第二章「人間形成と学校」第六章「教育の過程」" 学文社, 36-58、132-157 (1989)

    • Related Report
      1989 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 浅沼茂(分担執筆): "加藤幸次編『学力と個性の間』「個性を育てる評価」" ぎょうせい, 326-368 (1989)

    • Related Report
      1989 Annual Research Report

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Published: 1989-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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