| Project/Area Number |
02044073
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | Joint Research |
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| Research Institution | Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University |
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Principal Investigator |
KOJIMA Shozo Primate Res. Inst., Kyoto Univ., 霊長類研究所, 教授 (70027499)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
MELTZOFF Andrew N. Dept. psychol., Univ. of Washington, 心理学部, 教授
KUHL Patricia K. Dept. Speech Hearing Sci., Univ. of Washington, 音声聴覚学部, 教授
DEGUCHI Toshisada Faculty of Education, Tokyo Gakugei Univ., 教育学部, 助教授 (50143623)
KIRITANI Shigeru Faculty of Medicine, Univ. of Tokyo, 医学部, 教授 (90010032)
KUBOTA Kisou Primate Res. Inst., Kyoto Univ., 霊長類研究所, 教授 (30027479)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1990
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 1990)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥1,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000)
Fiscal Year 1990: ¥1,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000)
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| Keywords | Chimpanzee / Japanese monkey / Human infant / Speech perception / Categorical perception / Vocal tract normalization / Lateralization / Imitation |
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| Research Abstract |
The following five points were investigated : 1) The categorical perception of stop consonants in the chimpanzee, 2) Procedures to study speech perception in human infants, 3) The ability of vocal tract normalization in the Japanese monkey, chimpanzee and human, 4) Ear advantages in the perception of species specific vocal sounds in the Japanese monkey and chimpanzee, and 5) Imitation in the chimpanzee.
The followings are the results : 1) The categorical perception of stop consonants was studied using [ga]-[ka] and [ba]-[da] continua in the chimpazee. The subject showed the phoneme boundary effect (categorical perception) in discrimination of voicing and place-of-articulation features. 2) Both non-nuturi-tive sucking and head turning procedures were examined. It was concluded that the latter method was more effective than the former. 3) The ability of vocal tract normalization was examined using [o]-[a] continua with the low and high fundamental frequency. Both the Japanese monkey and chimpanzee showed a shift in the boundary between [o] and [a] depending on the frequency of the pitch, suggesting that they have the ability of vocal tract normalization. 4) Ear advantages were examined using species specific vocal sounds in the Japanese monkey and chimpanzee. Early high and late high coo calls of the Japanese monkey and grunts, whimpers and squeaks were discriminated by the left or the right ear separately. No stable ear advantages were obtained in the both species. 5) It was not easy for the chimpanzee to imitate acts of a model which were directed to invisible body parts. However, when acts were directed to the external environment or when the manipulation of objects was involved, imitation became easier. Molding and operant conditioning were necessary for the ocurrance of imitation in the chimpanzee.
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