| Project/Area Number |
02454030
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Research Field |
人類学(含生理人類学)
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| Research Institution | The University of Tokyo |
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Principal Investigator |
UEDA Shintaroh Univ. Tokyo, Fac. Sci. Associate Professor, 理学部, 助教授 (20143357)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1990 – 1991
|
| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 1991)
|
| Budget Amount *help |
¥6,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,400,000)
Fiscal Year 1991: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000)
Fiscal Year 1990: ¥5,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,100,000)
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| Keywords | Human-specific suquence / Hominization / Human Evolution / Human Genome / Molecular Evolution / Genome Evolution |
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| Research Abstract |
Each species has its own uniqueness, for which it is clear that species-specific genetic information forms the basis. The extent of genomic similarity among species can be evaluated by comparative studies of nucleotide substitutions in orthologous genes, which are commonly present in all the species examined. Such studies using orthologous genes have shown that humans are most closely related to chimpanzees, and that the nucleotide differences between them are merely a few percent. These studies are useful for construction of molecular phylogenetic trees and deduction of divergence dates, but are less useful for defining the genetic uniqueness of individual species. In order to elucidate the extent of dissimilarities among the genomes of humans and non-human primates and to clarify the genetic basis of human uniqueness, human-specific DNA sequences were sought as species-specific traits using the technique of genome subtraction in the present study. These sequences are present in the human genome alone but absent in the genomes of non-human primates.
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