| Budget Amount *help |
¥1,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,400,000)
Fiscal Year 1992: ¥500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000)
Fiscal Year 1991: ¥900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000)
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| Research Abstract |
This study is concentrated to reconsider from the viewpoint of the concepts of time the ideas on history of three representative historians of contemporary Europe. These historians are : Karl Lamprecht (Germany), Arnold J. Toynbee (England) and Fernand Braudel (France). As regards Lamprecht, I have paid attention to the fact that be assumed two channels of the transmission of cultures, namely the channel of space and the channel of time. He called the transmission through the channel of time "renaissance".
Without being influenced by Lamprecht, Toynbee also conceived the idea of "renaissance" as "the contact between civilizations in the Time-dimension". For him, the "apparentation and affiliation" of two civilizations are the prerequisite of this phenomenon.Because he also included "archaism" into this category, some confusion seems to have occurred in the concept of the contact of two "apparented and affiliated" civilizations in Time.
For Braudel, the concept of time occupies a central position in his ideas of his-tory as a whole. His world of history descripted in his main work "The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II" is composed of the three layers of time. In the first edition of this book (1949), these were "geographical time", "social time" and "individual time (history of events)". Since the second edition (1963), these were changed into "history of long timl-span (long duree), "history of conjecture" and "history of events". This revision brought confusion to the pivotal part of his ideas. I have tried to make clear that in spite of this confusion his criticism of the history of events remained the same and was closely connected with his concepts of time.
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