| Budget Amount *help |
¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000)
Fiscal Year 1993: ¥200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥200,000)
Fiscal Year 1992: ¥300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 1991: ¥800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000)
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| Research Abstract |
On the basis of the analysis of french fantasy novels of 18th and 19th centuries, we obtained the following results concerning the meaning of the fantasy novels through the development and the mutation of the genre "novel" of the french literature.
In France, the themes of fantasy had been familier among the non-serious fairy tales of earlier period. But the novel was recognized for the first time as a serious literary genre on the second half of the 18th century under the form of the first person story : at the age of the "individuals", novels were considered as the representation of the indivivual truth.
But as the reality of novels changed from the individual truth to the social and historical truth during the 19th century, novels began to take the form of 3rd person story, narrated objectively from the outside of the event. Fantasy novels of this epoch had to reconcile the conflict of the objective truth claimed by the genre itself and the fantasy as what is unrealistic. We could observe two solutions of the question : firstly, the story world loses the reality and fantastic events narrated are interpretated symbolically ; the second solution is to make one of the characters tell his or her fantastic experience and the narrator doesn't involve himself to the narration of the unreal-looking incident.
These observations led us to the conclusion that the fantasy can have the reality only as the experience of the 1st person, and that it is by the motif of the doubt of perception or consciousness of the self developped by this second solution that the novels as genre began to return to the 1st person's "individual truth" on the beginning of the 20th century.
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