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Climatic Influences to Cryosphere-Biosphere in Siberian Permafrost

Research Project

Project/Area Number 04041014
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
SectionField Research
Research InstitutionHokkaido University

Principal Investigator

FUKUDA Masami  Institute of Low Temp.Sci., Hokkaido Univ. Prof., 低温科学研究所, 教授 (70002160)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) IVANOV B.  ロシア科学アカデミー, 付属ヤクーツク生物研究所, 教授
KUNITSKY Victor.v.  Russian Academy of Science, Permafrost Institute Prof., 付属永久凍土研究所, 教授
SAIJYO Kiyoshi  Institute of Geography Tohoku Univ.Assistant, 理学部, 助手 (00241513)
SATO Toshiyuki  Institute of Low Temp.Sci., Hokkaido Univ.Assistant, 低温科学研究所, 助手 (00154071)
TAKAHASHI Hideki  Faculty of Agricalture, Hokkaido Univ.Associate Prof., 農学部, 助教授 (70142700)
WATABE Hideaki  Faculty of Education, Hokkaido Univ.of Education Associate Prof., 教育学部, 助教授 (10167190)
TODA Masanori  Institute of Low Temp.Sci., Hokkaido Univ. Prof., 低温科学研究所, 教授 (40113592)
IVANOB Boris.b.  Russian Academy of Science, Yakutsk Biological Institute Prof.
A. Arkhangel  モスクワ大学, 地理学部, 準教授
I. Ivanov  ロシア科学アカデミー, ヤクーツク生物研究所, 教授
V. Kunitsky  ロシア科学アカデミー, ヤクーツク永久凍土研究所, 教授
高久 元  北海道大学, 理学部, 助手 (40236203)
IVANOV B  ロシア科学アカデミー生物研究所, 副所長教授
RUSAKOV V  ロシア科学アカデミーヤクーツク永久凍土研究所, 準教授
KUNITSKY V  ロシア科学アカデミーヤクーツク永久凍土研究所, 教授
曽根 敏雄  北海道, 低温科学研究所, 助手 (10222077)
Project Period (FY) 1992 – 1994
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 1994)
Budget Amount *help
¥17,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥17,000,000)
Fiscal Year 1994: ¥5,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,000,000)
Fiscal Year 1993: ¥6,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,000,000)
Fiscal Year 1992: ¥6,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,000,000)
KeywordsPermafrost / Climatic Change / Global Warming / Methane Gas / Edoma / Taiga / Tundra / Biodiversity / 氷期-間氷期 / 最終氷期 / 植物進化
Research Abstract

In 1994 summer season, two groups (Permafrost and Biology) of the expedition were conducted the field works at eastern Siberia cooperating with Russian researchers from Permafrost Institute and Yakutsk Biological Institute. Peramfrost group aimed to survey the permafrost response to climatic change in both long and short terms. In relation to long term influence of climatic change, ground ice in permafrost, which is locally termed as Edoma, was analyzed as to reconstruct paleo-environmet in the past. Analogus to continental ice sheet, profound information of the paleo-climate were stored into Edoma. On-the-sopt survey of gas concentration of air bubbles in Edoma was done by means of specially desinged portable GC sysytem. Exceptionally high concentration of methane in Edoma was traced indicating the origin of Edoma as Syngenetic Ice-wedge. Organic materials from sediments were collected and were subjected to Radio-carbon dating measurements by AMS system at Nagoya University. Results o … More f dating suggested that Edoma was formed at the time of Karginsky interstadial dated ranges between 30,000yBP and 40,000yBP.In addition to the chemical analysis of Edoma, isotoic caharacters of Oxygen was examined. Temperature changes of the past wrere also traced from the results of isotope concentration profile of Oxygen.
Under present trend of global warming, large scale thawing of Edoma occurrs in lowland area of eastern Siberia. The total loss of Edoma was estimaed based on Satellite images and previously measured data. Methane flux from thawing Edoma was caluculated as 10 Mega ton per year. The tundra wetlands developted in summer season is an ideal source of methane because of anaboric environment. The flux of methane from wetland were observed at various locations. The emphirical equation of methane flux was performed with temperatures in summer thaw layr (active layr) and depth of active layr. Adopting this equation to the field conditions, annual flux of methane from wetland was determined as 1 Tera g. Methane gas is one of the major green house effect gases in present atmospher. Based on the estimated fluexes from both thawing Edoma and present wetlands, permafrost is considred as major role of future warming of global climate. Permafrost response to climatic change is not only passive but active manners.
Biological group conducted the surveys of vegetation types in tundra and taiga regions. The morphological variability of Pyrola Asarifolia and P.Grandiflora were surveyed. The variability of thiis species were rather larger than prevously reported indicating the influences of climatic change. The spacial distribition of Drosophila was examined at Taiga and Tundra. 11 new species of Drosophila were reported in this field study. All infoamtion was discussed with counterpart reseachers at Yakutsk at the end of march, 1995. Less

Report

(3 results)
  • 1994 Final Research Report Summary
  • 1993 Annual Research Report
  • 1992 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (27 results)

All Other

All Publications (27 results)

  • [Publications] M.Fukuda,A.Arkhangelov and V.Kunitsky: "Methane Flux from Thawing Siberian Permafrost(Ice Complex)-Results from Field Observations-" EOS Supplemet November 1. No.1. 86 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1994 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 福田正己・長岡大輔・西城潔・中村俊夫・V.クニツキ-: "東シベリア各地の永久凍土中の有機物年代測定" 名古屋大学加速器質量分析計業績報告書. VI. 178-187 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1994 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 高橋英樹: "シベリア極寒の地ベルフォヤンスクの植物" 北方山草. 11. 7-8 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1994 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 高橋英樹: "ヤク-ト(サハ)の植物地理" 日本植物分類学会会報. 10. 21-33 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1994 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 佐藤利幸: "植物構築の寒冷地適応進化-緯度クラインと空間配置スケーリング" 大気電気研究. 45. 18-21 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1994 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 福田正己: "シベリアとアラスカの自然史 第2章 モンゴロイド「極北の旅人」28HD01:1995" 東京大学出版会, 250

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1994 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] M.Fukuda, A.Arkhangelov and V.kunitsky: "Methane Flux from Thawing Siberian Permafrost" EOS SUPPLEMENT. No.1. 86-87 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1994 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] K.Saijyo, D.Nagaoka and M.Fukuda: "Geomorphic change in relation to thawing Edoma on the southern coast of the Bolyshoi Lyharosky Island, east Siberia" Proceeding of the Third Symposium on the Joint Siberian Permafrost Studies between Japan and Russia in 1994. 1-5 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1994 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] D.nagaoka, K.Saijyo and M.Fukuda: "Sedimental environment of the Edoma in high Arctic eastern Siberia" Proceeding of the Third Symposium on the Joint Siberian Permafrost Studies between Japan and Russia in 1994. 6-12 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1994 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] J.Moriizumi, T.Iida and M.Fukuda: "Radio-carbon dating of methane obtained from air in the ice complex (edoma) in Arctic coast area of east Siberia" Proceeding ot the Third Symposium on the Joint Siberian Permafrost Studies between Japan and Russia in 1994. 13-20 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1994 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] M.Fukuda, A.arkhangelov and V.Kunitsky: "Emission of methane flux from thawing Edoma in eastern Siberia" Proceeding of the Third Symposium on the Joint Siberian Permafrost Studies between Japan and Russia in 1994. 21-27 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1994 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Y.Igarashi, M.Fukuda, D.Nagaoka and K.Saijyo: "Vegetation and climate during accumutaing period of Edoma, inferred from pollen records" Proceeding of the Third Symposium on the Joint Siberian Permafrost Studies between Japan and Russia in 1994. 89-95 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1994 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] M.Fukuda: Paleo-environment of Siberia and Alaska (in Japanese with English summary). Tokyo University Ptess, 23-78 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1994 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 福田正己: "シベリアで何が起っているか-日本・ロシア共同永久凍土調査-" 極地. 58. 1-5 (1994)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Nakayama: "Effects of climatic wormisy on the active layer" proc.of Sith International conf.of Permafrost. 1. 488-493 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] M.Fukuda: "Methave flux from melting edoma" Nature. (予定). (1994)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] M.Fukuda: "Methaue concentrction in Ice-wedge of Fox Turml" Holoceve. (予定). (1994)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] G.Takaku: "Phoretic mites collated on ground beetles in sakha" J.of Acarological Soc.Japan. 20. 17-21 (1994)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Sato: "Scoling anelysis from tropic to tundra and concluding remark" Proc.Inter.Biological Congh. 421-423 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 渡部英昭: "シベリア産のショウジョウバエの細胞遺伝的研究(I)" 昆虫学会誌. (予定). (1994)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 渡部英昭: "中国遼寧省のショウジョウバエ相" 北海道教育大学紀要. 44. 1-13 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] M.Fukuda: "Occurrence and Genesis of Ice complex in easlern Siberia" Proc.Second Siberian Permefrost Study between Japan and Russia. 8-16 (1994)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] A.Narita: "Structural Characteristics of Ice Complex in Siberia" Proc.Second Siberian Permefrost Study between Japan and Russia. 17-23 (1994)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 福田正己: "シベリアとアラスカの自然" 東京大学出版会 (予定), (1994)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 福田正己: "シベリア-自然とひと-" 北海道大学図書刊行会 (予定),

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 福田 正己: "シベリア永久凍土からのメタンガス発生について" 極地.

    • Related Report
      1992 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] M,Fukuda(ed): "Proceedings of Symposium on Joint Permafrost studies between Japan and Russia" Institute of Low Temperature Science, 102 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1992 Annual Research Report

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Published: 1992-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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