| Project/Area Number |
04044087
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | Joint Research |
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| Research Institution | Kyoto University |
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Principal Investigator |
TAKAHASHI Kanji Inst. of Atomic Energy, Kyoto Univ., Professor, 原子エネルギー研究所, 教授 (40027123)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
SZYMANSKI W. ウィーン大学, 実験物理学科, 準教授
BERNER Axel Inst. of Experimental Physics, Univ. of Vienna, Assoc. Professor, 実験物理学科, 準教授
HORVATH H. ウィーン大学, 実験物理学科, 準教授
PREINING Othmar Inst. of Experimental Physics, Univ. of Vienna, Professor, 実験物理学科, 教授
ITOH Masayuki Inst. of Atomic Energy, Kyoto Univ., Instructor, 原子エネルギー研究所, 助手 (80109066)
KASAHARA Mikio Inst. of Atomic Energy, Kyoto Univ., Assoc. Professor, 原子エネルギー研究所, 助教授 (80027143)
HORVATH Helmuth Inst. of Experimental Physics, Univ. of Vienna, Assoc. Professor
SZYMANSKI Wladyslaw W. Inst. of Experimental Physics, Univ. of Vienna, Assoc. Professor
A Berner ウィーン大学, 実験物理学科, 準教授
H Horvath ウィーン大学, 実験物理学科, 準教授
O Preining ウィーン大学, 実験物理学科, 教授
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| Project Period (FY) |
1992 – 1993
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 1993)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,800,000)
Fiscal Year 1993: ¥1,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,400,000)
Fiscal Year 1992: ¥1,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,400,000)
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| Keywords | Atmospheric aerosols / Global effects / Optical properties of particle / Elemental composition of aerosols |
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| Research Abstract |
1. Optical properties of aerosols
Theoretical calculation was made for refractive indices of aerosol particles of both internally and externally mixed with different substances, and results gave higher absorption for internally mixed particles, in particular, in the size range larger than 0.2um. Telescope method which has been developed by the group of University of Vienna was applied to determine the refractive index of atmospheric aerosols in Uji area, and local characteristics were examined by comparing with the data obtained in Vienna.
2. Characterization of atmospheric aerosols
Chemical elements of atmospheric aerosols sampled at both Uji and Vienna were analyzed with PIXE method, and it was found that fine aerosols in Vienna contains more sulfur and lead than in those in Uji. Chemical components of Kosa aerosols originated from Asian continent were also analyzed and the optical properties of those particles are under the examination.
3. Evaluation of effects of aerosols on atmospheric environment
A computational model, LOWTRAN, developed by AFGL was employed to calculate the solar energy intensity at the earth surface for different conditions of aerosols. Aerosol models to be used in the model are being examined based on more realistic properties of aerosols, i.e., the size distribution, vertical profile of concentration and the refractive index. Viennese group presented a simple model for evaluating the effects of aerosols on the solar radiative force by taking into consideration of both direct and indirect effects of aerosols. Calculated results show that the order of magnitude of aerosols on the radiative force is about -0.5 or -1.0 W/m^2 with the increase of aerosols after the pre-industrialized period, and this is the order of compensating the global warming by CO_2. Usefulness of this model will need further study based on more reliable field data.
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