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Origin and Evolution of RNA

Research Project

Project/Area Number 04272101
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Research InstitutionTokyo Institute of Technology

Principal Investigator

OKADA Norihiro  Tokyo Institute of Technology, Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Professor, 生命理工学部, 教授 (60132982)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) TANAKA Yoshimasa  University of Tsukuba, Institute of Biological Science, Professor, 生物科学系, 教授 (80091908)
OHSAWA Shozo  Biohistory Research Hall, Adviser, 顧問 (10034620)
KIKUCHI You  Toyohashi University of Technology, Faculty of Technology, Professor, 工学部, 教授 (40273320)
KUMA Keiichi  Kyoo University, Faculty of Science, Research Associate, 理学部, 助手 (10221938)
MURATA Shigenori  Tokyo Institute of Technology, Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Teaching, 生命理工学部, 教務職員
村田 成範  東京工業大学, 生命理工学部, 教務職員
坂本 健作  東京大学, 大学院・理学系研究科, 助手 (50240685)
宮田 隆  京都大学, 理学部, 教授 (20022692)
Project Period (FY) 1992 – 1995
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 1996)
Budget Amount *help
¥83,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥83,500,000)
Fiscal Year 1995: ¥19,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥19,900,000)
Fiscal Year 1994: ¥20,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥20,600,000)
Fiscal Year 1993: ¥20,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥20,500,000)
Fiscal Year 1992: ¥22,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥22,500,000)
KeywordsRNA World / ribosome / tRNA / aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase / tRNA identity / archaea / eukaryotes / bacteria / レトロポゾン / アミノアシル合成酵素 / 進化 / アイデンティティ / 微量塩基成分 / RNA世界 / リジンtRNA / プライマー / 逆転写 / RNaseP
Research Abstract

This research group tried to elucidate the mechanisms of generation and evolution of functional RNAs, and in particular those in the RNA World. For this purpose, (1) structures and functional mechanisms of the natural catalytic RNAs (ribozymes) and new functional RNAs created by the SELEX techniques were investigated, and (2) the evolutional processes of tRNAs and proteins involved in protein biosynthesis were studied at nolecular level in order to elucidate their origins.
(1) The ribozyme mechanism of the M1 RNA of RNase P were elucidated by construction of a novel ribozyme that undergoes self cleavage. It was shown that the ligation reaction spontaneously occurs for RNA molecules with the terminal 2', 3'-cyclic phosphate groups. Several new functional RNAs were created by SELEX,and their roles in the RNA World were discussed.
(2) The identity determinants of tRNAs from E.coli and yeast were nearly completely established, by biochemical and genetic methods. Many human genes for aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases were cloned. Thus, the origins of synthetases were classified as archaeal, eukaryotic, and bacterial. Furthermore, sme synthetase genes were indicated to have been horizontally transferred from one organism to another. Two functionally different modified nucleotides, archaeosine from archaea and queuosine from eukaryotes and eubacteria, were found unexpectedly to share the same biosynthetic mechanism of base exchange.

Report

(5 results)
  • 1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • 1995 Annual Research Report
  • 1994 Annual Research Report
  • 1993 Annual Research Report
  • 1992 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (24 results)

All Other

All Publications (24 results)

  • [Publications] Takasaki,N.: "Characterization of Species-Specifically Amplified SINEs in Three Salmonid Species-Chum Salmon,Pink Salmon,and Kokanee:the Local Environment of the Genome may be Important for the Generation of a Dominant Source Gene at a Newly Retroposed Locus" J.Mol.Evol. (in press).

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Murata,S.: "Details of Retropositional Genome Dynamics that Provide a Rationale for a Generic Dividion:the Distinct Branching of all the Pacific Salmon and Trout(Oncorhynchus)from the Atlantic Salmon and Trout(salmo)" Genetics. (in press).

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] N.Takasaki, L.Park, M.Kaeriyama, A.J.Gharett and N.Okada: "Characterization of Species-Specifically Amplified SINEs in Three Salmonid Species-Chum Salmon, Pink Salmon, and Kokanee : the Local Environment of the Genome may be Important for the Generation of a Dominant Source Gene at a Newly Retroposed Locus." J.Mol.Evol.(in press).

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] S.Murata, N.Takasaki, M.Saitoh, H.Tachida and N.Okada: "Details of Retropositional Genome Dynamics that Provide a Rationale for a Generic Dividion : the Distinct Branching of all the Pacific Salmon and Trout (Oncorhynchus) from the Atlantic Salmon and Trout (salmo)." Genetics. 142, (in press).

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] M. Matsuo, Y. Abe, Y. Sarita, and N. Okada: "Mollusk gene encoding lysine tRNA(UUU)contain introns." Gene. 165. 249-253 (1995)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Y. Kido, M. Saito, S. Murata, and N. Okada: "Evolution of the Active Squenceof the HpaI Short interspersed Elements." J. Mol. Evol.41. 986-995 (1995)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] S. Murata, N. Takasaki, M. Saitoh II Tachida, and N. Okada: "Details of Retropositional Genome Dynamics That Provide a Rationale for a Generic: The Distinct Branching of All the Pacific Salmon and Trout From The Atlantic Salmon and Trout." Genetics. 142. in press (1996)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] ,N. Takasaki, L. Park, M. Kaeriyama A. J. Gharett, and N. Okada: "Characterization of Species-Specifically Amplified SINEs in Three Salmonid Species-Chum Salmon, Pink Salmon, and Kokanee: The Local Environment of theGenome May be Important for the Generation of a Dominant Source Gene at a Newlv Retroposed Locus." J. Mol. Evol.(in press). (1996)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Takasaki N.,Murata S.,Saitoh M.,Okada N.: "Species-specific amoplification of tRNA-derived SINEs via retroposition;a process of parasitization of entire genomes during the evolution of salmonids." Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA. 91. 10153-10157 (1994)

    • Related Report
      1994 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Sakagami H.,Ohshima K.Mukoyama H.,Yasue H.and Okada N: "A novel tRNA specied as an origin of short interspersed repetitive elements(SINEs);Equine SINEs may have originated from tRNA^<Ser>." J.Mol.Biol.239. 731-735 (1994)

    • Related Report
      1994 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Kido Y.,Himberg M.,Takasaki N.,Okada N.: "Amplification of distinct subfamilies of short interspersed elements(SINEs)during evolution of the Salmonids." J.Mol.Biol.241. 633-644 (1994)

    • Related Report
      1994 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Ohshima,K.and Okada N.: "Generality of tRNA origin of short interspersed repetitive elements( SINEs);Characterization of three different tRNA-derived retroposons in the octpus." J.Mol.Biol.243. 25-37 (1994)

    • Related Report
      1994 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Yokobori S.,Hasegawa M.,Ueda T.,Okada N.: "Rlationship among coelacanths,Lungfishes,and Tetrapods:A phylogeneic analysis based on mithochondrial cytochrome oxidaze I gene sequence." J.Mol.Evol.38. 602-609 (1994)

    • Related Report
      1994 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Okada,N.,Ohshima,K.: "A model for the mechanism of initial generation of short inerspered elements(SINEs)" J.Mol.Evol.37. 167-170 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Kojima,S.,Murata,S.,Okada,N.: "Close phylogenetic relationship between Vestimentifera(tube worms)and Annelida revealed by the amino acid sequence of elongation factor-la" J.Mol.Evol.37. 66-70 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Murata,S.,Takasaki,N.,Saitoh,M.,Okada,N.: "Determination of the phylogenetic relationships among Pacific salmonide using short interspersed elements(SINEs)as Temporal landmarks for evolution" Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA. 90. 6995-6999 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Okada,N.,Machida,Y.: "Molecular characterization of a short interspersed repetitive element(SINE)from tobacco that exhibits sequence homology to specific tRNAs." Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA. 90. 6562-6566 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Ohshima,K.,Koishi,R.,Matsuo,M.,Okada,N.: "Several SINEs in distant species may have originated from a common ancestral retrovirus:characterization of a squid SINE and a possible mechanism for generation of tRNA-derived retroposons." Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA. 90. 6260-6264 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Okada.N and Oshima.K: "A model for the mechanism of generation of short interepersed elements.(SINs)" J.Mol.Evol.

    • Related Report
      1992 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Oshima.K, Koishi.R Matsuo.M,and Okada.N: "Several SINEs in distant species may have origlnated from a common ancestral retrovlrus,characterization of tRNA-derived retroposons." Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA.

    • Related Report
      1992 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Okada.N: "Shaping and reshaping of salmonid genomes by amplification of tRNA-derived retroposon during evolution" Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA. 88. 2326-2330 (1991)

    • Related Report
      1992 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Miyata.T: "Evolution of RNA polymerases and brancing patterns of the three major groups of archaebacteria." J.Mol.Evol. 32. 70-78 (1991)

    • Related Report
      1992 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Kikuchi.Y: "Site-specific cleavage of natural mRNA sequences by newly designed hairpin catalytic RNAs." Nucleic Acids Res. 19. 6751-6755 (1991)

    • Related Report
      1992 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Ohsawa.S: "Evolution of the mitochondrial genetic code ZZZ.Reassignment of CUN codons from leucine to threonine during evolution of yeast mitochondria." J.Mol.Evol. 30. 322-328 (1990)

    • Related Report
      1992 Annual Research Report

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Published: 1992-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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