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Study on Inhomogeneity of Snowmelt Water Percolation in Snowpack

Research Project

Project/Area Number 04640407
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Research Field 気象・海洋・陸水学
Research InstitutionHokkaido University, (Institute of Low Temperature Science)

Principal Investigator

KODAMA Yuji  Institute of Low Temperature Science, Lecturer, 低温科学研究所, 助手 (70186708)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) ABURAKAWA Hideaki  Hokkaido University of Education, Iwamizawa, Professor, 岩見沢校, 教授 (80002096)
KOBAYASHI Daiji  Institute of Low Temperature Science, Professor, 低温科学研究所, 教授 (30001655)
ISHII Yoshiyuki  Institute of Low Temperature Science, Lecturer, 低温科学研究所, 助手 (40222955)
Project Period (FY) 1992 – 1993
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 1993)
Budget Amount *help
¥1,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,800,000)
Fiscal Year 1993: ¥600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000)
Fiscal Year 1992: ¥1,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000)
KeywordsSnowmelt / Runoff / Time Lag / Lysimeter / Ice Layr / Dielectric Constant / TDR / 融雪水 / 積雪内浸透 / 非一様性 / 浸透
Research Abstract

Runoff response of snowmelt in a snowy head basin was investigated and found that snowmelt water infiltration in snowpack is as important as that in soil. However, the infiltration of snowmelt water in snowpack has not been understood well, especially on concentration mechanism.
The yearly difference in time lag of peak snowmelt runoff of the snowy head basin to snowmelt was found to be caused by the difference in stratification of snowpack, especially the number and the position of ice layr in the snowpack. A multi-compartment lysimeter (MCL) was set to the bottom of snowpack to measure an inhomogeneity of the snowmelt water discharge at the bottom of snowpack. A snowmelt water infiltration model was developed using the result of the MCL.Then, this model was combined to a whole watershed runoff model to simulate the snowmelt water runoff at the terminus of the watershed. It successfully reconstructed the runoff and explained the difference in time lag of peak runoff to the peak snowmelt.
The shape of daily course of snowmelt rate is resemble to the Gaussian distribution curve. Combined with that the meltwater flux speed in snowpack is assumed to be proportional to the a power of meltwater flux, the infiltration wave was expressed with a function of a time. This model was reconstructed the snowmelt flux inside the snowpack.
Change in meltwater content profile in snowpack was measured using a TDR.The TDR measure the dielectric constant, which is highly correlated with the liquid water content. The dielectric constant above the ice layr is larger than that beneath the ice layr, and it is not always and everywhere larger above the ice layr.
This study has made clear a part of snowmelt water infiltration in horizontally stratified snowpack., however, the infiltration mechanism in snowpack on a slope left unanswered.

Report

(3 results)
  • 1993 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report Summary
  • 1992 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (17 results)

All Other

All Publications (17 results)

  • [Publications] 野村睦: "融雪水の積雪内流下の非一様性" 水資源センター報告. 13-22 (1992)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1993 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 石井吉之: "カナダ東部、北方針葉樹林地における融雪水の流出I -融雪特性と流出応答-" 低温科学物理編. 51. 77-92 (1992)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1993 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 兒玉裕二: "高山帯における夏期の融雪と流出I- 雪渓の融雪過程と季節変化-" 低温科学物理編. 52. 25-38 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1993 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 石井吉之: "高山帯における夏期の融雪と流出II" 低温科学物理編. 52. 39-50 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1993 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 野村睦: "融雪流出の遅延機構の研究" 北海道大学大学院理学研究科地球物理学専攻博士論文. 72 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1993 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Nomura.M., Kodama, Y., Ishii, Y.and Kobayashi, D.: "Inhomogeneity of snowmelt water infiltration in snowpack" Report of Water Resources Center. 13-22 (1992)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1993 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Ishii, Y., Suzuki, K., Kodama, Y.and Kobayashi, D.: "Snowmelt water runoff in a boreal forest, Eastern Canada" Low Temperature Sciernce, Ser.A. 51. 77-92 (1992)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1993 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Kodama, Y., Takeuchi, Y.: "Snowmelt and meltwater runoff in an alpine basin I" Low Temperature Science, Ser.A. 52. 25-38 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1993 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Ishii, Y., Nomura, M.and Kobayashi, D.: "Snowmelt and meltwater runoff in an alpine basin II" Low Temperature Science, Ser.A. 52. 39-50 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1993 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Nomura, M.: "Studies on delay mechanism of snowmelt runoff" Ph.D.thesis, Graduate School of Hokkaido University. 72 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1993 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 兒玉裕二: "融雪面の短波放射特性について -1988札幌-" 低温科学. 51. 41-52 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 兒玉裕二: "融雪水の積雪内浸透の非一様性について" 北海道の雪氷. 12. 4-5 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 兒玉裕二: "積雪内における融雪水の集中流下" 日本雪氷学会全国大会講演予稿集. 61 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 兒玉裕二: "融雪水の氷河上の流下と再凍結について" 日本雪氷学会全国大会講演予稿集. 91 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Y.Kodama: "On the Boundauy Layer Changes during the Sea Ice Formation" 8th Symposium on Okhotsk Sea and Sea Ice. 344-347 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 石井吉之: "カナダ東部、北方針葉樹林地における融雪水の流出 I" 低温科学. 51. 77-92 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 野村 陸 他: "融雪水の積雪内流下の非一様性" 水資源センター研究報告. 12. 13-22 (1992)

    • Related Report
      1992 Annual Research Report

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Published: 1992-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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