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元素の起源と宇宙の進化

Research Project

Project/Area Number 05243103
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Research InstitutionThe University of Tokyo

Principal Investigator

野村 亨  東京大学, 原子核研究所, 教授 (60087393)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 高塚 龍之  岩手大学, 人文社会科学部, 教授 (50043427)
土岐 博  大阪大学, 核物理研究センター, 教授 (70163962)
本林 透  立教大学, 理学部, 教授 (20116114)
加藤 静吾  山形大学, 理学部, 教授 (70013422)
久保野 茂  東京大学, 原子核研究所, 助手 (20126048)
Project Period (FY) 1993 – 1996
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 1996)
Budget Amount *help
¥122,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥122,800,000)
Fiscal Year 1996: ¥11,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥11,000,000)
Fiscal Year 1995: ¥23,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥23,500,000)
Fiscal Year 1994: ¥59,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥59,800,000)
Fiscal Year 1993: ¥28,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥28,500,000)
Keywords天体核反応 / 超新星爆発 / 中性子過剰核物質 / 太陽ニュートリノ / クーロン分解 / 状態方程式 / 不安定核ビーム / 中性子星 / 元素の起源 / 宇宙の進化 / 天体核反応率 / 天文学的S因子 / 新星 / 中間子凝縮 / 短寿命核 / 中性子過剰核 / 反跳核分離器 / 超新星 / 自転重力崩壊 / 短寿命核ビーム / 天体熱核反応率 / 大質量星 / 重力崩壊 / 相対論的多体論
Research Abstract

本研究の目的は、短寿命核の天体核反応率の測定と、超新星爆発機構及び中性子過剰核物質等の理論的な考察・計算等を通じて、元素の起源と宇宙の進化を研究することである。
ア)実験研究
クローン分解法と間接法による短寿命核の天体核反応率の測定を集中的に実施し、太陽ニュートリノ問題と関連する^7Be(p,γ)^8B反応率の再測定・解析を実施するとともに、高温天体における水素の爆発的核燃焼率(RP過程)に関わる多数の反応率を決定した。前者においては直接測定法による実験値のうち比較的小さな値と合致する高精度の結果を得ており、現在、論文にまとめている。後者においては、^<22>Na→^<23>Mg→^<24>Al→^<25>Siの流れに関して星の温度と密度の条件を確立することに成功した。また、RP過程でどこまで重い元素ができるかを決める鍵である^<59>Cu(p,γ)^<60>Cu反応の研究を実施した。
また、不安定核の直接反応では、RP過程の入口に相当する^<19>Nc(p,γ)^<20>Na反応を目標にして不安定核ビームの開発を進め、毎秒5x10^8個のビームを得ることに成功した。
イ)理論的研究
超新星爆発機構と誕生後間もない中性子星の進化を解明するため、i)有限温度の中性子過剰核物質である超新星物質の状態方程式(EOS)の探究と、ii)星の自転とその効果による流体的爆発現象の解明を前年度に継続して行った。
前者においては、相対論的平均場法と有限温度ハートリーフォック法からのアプローチを採用し、各々、不安定核の基礎的性質をよく再現するパラメターの決定と高密度超新星物質のEOSと熱力学的諸量の導出し、論文として発表した。後者においては、超新星コア内の対流効果を調べ、爆発が起こるためにはある適当な角運動量が必要で、軸方向に放出されるニュートリノによりジェット爆発が誘起される可能性があることを指摘できた。
これらの研究成果は、約50篇の論文ないし解説として公表した。

Report

(4 results)
  • 1996 Annual Research Report
  • 1995 Annual Research Report
  • 1994 Annual Research Report
  • 1993 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (69 results)

All Other

All Publications (69 results)

  • [Publications] T.Nomura: "Possible New Approaches to Superheavy Elements-(HI,αχn)Reaction and the Neutron-Rich Beam" Hyperfine Interactions. 103. 33-42 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Nomura: "Comments on Superheavy Element Production with Neutron-Rich Beams" Proceedings of the French-Japanese Colloquium on Frontier and Perspective of Nuclear Science. (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] S.C.Jeong et al.: "Beam-Bunching in an ECR Ion Source by the Pulsed Gating-Potential Method" Nucl.Instr.Meth.B114. 154-163 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] A.Yoshida et al.: "Fusion and Breakup at the Barrier with ^<11>Be" Physics Letters. B389. 457-462 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] C.Signorini: "Fusion and Breakup at the Barrier with Unstable Nuclei" Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Radioactive Nuclear Beams. (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Nomura: "Heavy-Element Research at RIKEN" Proceedings of International Conferece on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses,. 363-372 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Y.H.Pu et al.: "New α-Decaying Neutron-Deficient Isotope ^<196>Rn" Zeitschrift fur Physik. A357. 1-2 (1997)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] G.Raimann et al.: "Levels in ^<17>C above the ^<16>C+Neutron Thershold" Phys.Rev.C53. 453-458 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Yamaya et al.: "α-Cluster States above the Thershold in ^<44>Ti" Phys.Rev.C53. 131-136 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] S.Kubono: "Nuclear Astrophysics with Radioactive Nuclear Beams" Prog.Theor.Phys.96. 275-306 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] N.Iwasa et al.: "Study of the ^7Be(p,γ)^8B Reaction with Coulomb Dissociation Method" J.Phys.Soc.Jpn.65. 1256-1263 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Kikuchi et al.: "Experimental Dctermination of the E2 Component in the Coulomb Dissociation of ^8B" Phys.Lett.B391. 261-266 (1997)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Totani et al.: "Spectrum of the Supernova Relic Neutrino Background and Evolution of Galaxies" Astropys.J.460. 303-312 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Totani et al.: "Effects of Neutrino Oscillation on the Supernova Relic Neutrino Background" Int.J.Mod.Phys.D5. 519-527 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Totani et al.: "Resonant Spin-Flavor Conversion of Supernova Neutrinos and Deformation of the Electron Antineutrino Spectrum" Physical Review. D54. 5975-5992 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] K.Ikumi et al.: "Anisotropy in Kaluza-Klein Quantum Cosmology" Nucl.Phys.B. (in press). (1997)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] K.Iida et al.: "Spin-Down of Neutron Stars and Compositional Transitions in the Cold Crustal Matter" Astrophysical Journal. (in press). (1997)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] K.Sato et al.: "Gravitational Collapse of Rotating Stellar Cores and Supernova" Nucl.Phys.A606. 118-136 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] A.Hosaka et al.: "Chiral Bag Model for the Nucleon" Phys.Rep.277. 65-188 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] H.Ichie et al.: "Multi-Flux-Tube System in the Dual Ginzburg-Landau Theory" Phys.Rev.D54. 3382-3388 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] K.Suzuki et al.: "Heavy Quarkonium in the Dual Ginzburg-Landau Theory of QCD" Int.J.of Mod.Phys.A11. 2677-2688 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] S.Sasaki et al.: "Role of Dual Higgs Mechanism in Chiral Phase Transition at Finite Temperature" Phys.Lett.B387. 145-150 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] H.Toki et al.: "Theoretical Response to the Discovery of Deeply Bound Pionic States in ^<208>Pb(d.^3Hc)Reactions" Z.Phys.A. (in press).

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Takatsuka: "Nucleon Superfluidity in Neutron Stars Core with Direct URCA Cooling" Progress of Theoretical Physics. 97. No.2- (1997)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Takatsuka: "Effects of Charged-Pion Condensation on Neutron ^3P_2 Superfluidty" Progress of Theoretical Physics. 97. No.2- (1997)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] K.Morita: "New α-decaying Neutron Deficient Isotopes ^<197>Rn and ^<200>Fr" Z. Phys.A352. 7-8 (1995)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] M.Kurokawa: "Radiation Damage Factor for Ion-Implanted Silicon Detectors Irradiated with Heavy Ions" IEEE Transaction on Nucl. Sci.42. 163-166 (1995)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Nomura: "Study of α Decays in the ^<400>Ar+^<232>Th Reaction Using the RIKEN Gas-Filled Separator I-General-" Proc. Tours Symp. on Nuclear Physics II,1994,Tours, France(World Scientific, Singapore). 418-427 (1995)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] A.Yoshida: "Measurement of Fusion Cross Section with Neutron Halo Nuclei" Nucl. Phys.A588. 109C-112C (1995)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] S.C.Jeong: "Beam-Bunching in the ECRIon Source for the Radioactive Nuclear Beam Facility at INS" Proc.12th Int. Workshop on ECR Ion Sources, RIKEN, Japan,1995(INS-J-182). 85-89 (1995)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] V.Guimaraes: "Structure of Light Proton-Rich Nuclei on the Drip-Line" Nucl. Phys.A588. 161C-164C (1995)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Nomura: "The First Result of the ^<232>Th(^<40>Ar,α3n)^<265>[106]Reaction" Proc. 1st Joint Italian-Japanese Meeting, Wako-shi, Japan,1995(World Scientific). 発表予定.

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] S.C.Jeong: "Beam-Bunching in an ECR Ion Source by the Pulsed Gating-Potential Method" Nucl. Instr. Meth. B. 発表予定.

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Nomura: "Possible New Approaches to Superheavy Elements-(HI,αxn)reaction and neutron-rich beam-" Proc. Int. Symp. on Exotic Nuclei and Atoms, Hakone, Japan,1995. 発表予定.

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] S.Yamada: "Gravitational Radiation from Rotational Collapse of a Supernova Core" Astrophys. J.450. 245-252 (1995)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] K.Sato: "Explosion Mechanism of Collapse-Driven Supernovae" Nuci.Phys.A588. 345C-356C (1995)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Totani: "Spectrum of the Relic Neutrino Background from Past Supernovae and Cosmological Models" Astroparticle Physics. 3. 367-376 (1995)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Motobayashi: "Coulomb Dissociation of ^8B and Solar Neutrino Problem" Nucl. Phys.A588. 319C-326C (1995)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] S.Kubono: "Structure of ^<24>Al for the Stellar Reaction Rate of ^<23>Mg(p,γ)^<24>Al" Nucl. Phys.A588. 521C-536C (1995)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Motobayashi: "Large Deformation of the Very Neutron-Rich Necleus ^<32>Mg from Intermediate-Energy Coulomb Excitation" Phys. Lett.B346. 9-14 (1995)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Takatsuka: "Hot vesus Cold Neutron Stars" Nucl. Phys.A588. 365C-370C (1995)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Takatsuka: "Nucleon Superfluidity in Kaon-Condensed Neutron Stars" Prog. Theo. Phys.94. 457-461 (1995)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Takatsuka: "Nucleon Superfluidity in Neutron Star Core with Kaon Condensate" Proc. of Int, Symp. on Weak and Electromagnetic Interactions in Nuclei(World Scientific). 625-628 (1995)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Motobayashi: "Coulomb Dissociation of ^8B and the ^7Be(p,γ)^8B Reaction at Low Energies" Phys.Rev.Lett.73. 2680-2683 (1994)

    • Related Report
      1994 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Nomura: "Simple On-Line Method of Measuring the Absolute Ionization Efficiency of an Ion Source" Nucl.Instr.Meth.in Physics Research B. 93. 492-498 (1994)

    • Related Report
      1994 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] S.Kubono: "High Resolution Study of ^<24>Mg(p,d)^<23>Mg for the Ne-E Problem" Z.Phys.A. 348. 59-60 (1994)

    • Related Report
      1994 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] S.Nishizaki: "Properties of Hot Asymmetric Nuclear Matter" Prog.Theor.Phys.92. 93-109 (1994)

    • Related Report
      1994 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Takatsuka: "Particular Properties of Dense Supernova Matter" Prog.Theor.Phys.92. 779-802 (1994)

    • Related Report
      1994 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 白壁義久: "表面電離型イオン源におけるビームバンチングとその応用" 日本物理学会誌. 49. 653-656 (1994)

    • Related Report
      1994 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] M.Ishihara: "Heavy-Ion Reactions with Neutron-Rich Beams" World Scientific(Singapore), 306 (1994)

    • Related Report
      1994 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Nomura: "Study of α Decays Following ^<40>Ar Bombardment on ^<238>U" Proc.RIKEN Int.Workshop on Heavy Ion Reactions with Neutron-Rich Beam (World Scientific,Singapore). 269-277 (1994)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Nomura: "Scarch for very heavy nuclci by the (III,αxn) reaction" Proc.6th Franco-Japanese Colloquim on Nuclear Structure and Interdisciplinary Topics (Saclay 93223). 392-398 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Y.Shirakabe: "Bunching of radioactive ion beam in the millisccond region -a pulsed gating -potential mcthod in an ion source for on-line isotope scparation-" Nuclear Instruments & Mthods in Physics Research. A337. 11-15 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Nomura: "The Radioactive Nuclear Beam Project at INS" Nuclear Physics. A557. 691c-700c (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 白壁義久: "イオン源におけるビームバンチングとその応用" 日本物理学会会誌. (出版予定). (1994)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] S.Yamada: "Convective Instability in Hot Bubble in a Delayed Supernova Explosion" Prog.Theor.Phys.89. 1175-1182 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Shimizu: "Three Dimensional Simulations of Copnvection in Supernova Cores" Pub.Astron.Soc.Japan. 45. L53-L57 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] S.Kubono: "High Resolution Study of 24Mg(p,d)23Mg for the Ne-E Problem" Z.Phys.(発表予定). (1994)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Nomura: "The INS Radioactive Nuclear Beam Project" Proc.1st Joint Italian-Japanese Meeting on Perspectives in Heavy Ion Physics (Editrice Compositori,Bologna). 19-28 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Nomura: "Simple On-Line Method of Measuring the Absolute Ionization Efficiency of an Ion Source" Nucl.Instr.Meth.(発表予定). (1994)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] H.T.Duong: "Atomic Beam Magnetic Resonance Apparatus for Systematic Measurement of Hyperfine Structure Anomalies" Nucl.Instr.Meth.A325. 465-474 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] S.Kubono: "Innovative Experimental Approach with Unstable Nuclear Beams to Explosive Nuclcosynthesis" Comm.on Astrophys.16. 287-303 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Takatsuka: "Proton Abundance in Dense Supernova Matter" Prog.Theor.Phys.89. 551-554 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Takatsuka: "Realistic Approach to Dense Supernova Matter" Proc.Int.Symp.on Origin and Evolution of the Elements ed.S.Kubono and T.Kajino (World Scientific,Singapore). 176-188 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] H.Ejiri: "Search for Exotic Nuclear Transitions Associated with Nuclear Instability" Physics Letters. B306. 218-223 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Motobayashi: "Coulomb Excitation of Unstable Nuclei:Applications to Nuclear Astrophysics and Nuclear Spectroscopy" Proc.6th Franco-Japanese Colloquim on Nuclear Structure and Interdisciplinary Topics (Saclay 93223). 264-275 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] S.Kubono: "Experimental Study of Explosive Nucleosynthesis with Heavy Ion Beams" Proc.1st Joint Italian-Japanese Meeting on Perspectives in Heavy Ion Physics (Editrice Compositori,Bologna). 339-348 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] I.Katayama: "Radioactive Ion Beam Facility at INS" Proc.3rd Conf.on Radioactive Nuclear Beams,East Lansing,U.S.A.,1993. (発表予定).

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 大槻義彦ら(共著): "現代物理学小辞典" 講談社, 741 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report

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Published: 1993-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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