| Project/Area Number |
05302062
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Research Field |
自然地理学
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| Research Institution | Tokyo Metropolitan University |
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Principal Investigator |
MACHIDA Hiroshi Physics (Professor, Tokyo Metropolitan University), 理学部, 教授 (10087009)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
MORIWAKI Hiroshi Faculty of Law Economics and The Humanities (Kagoshima University) Professor, 法文学部, 助教授 (70200459)
FUKUOKA Takaaki Physics (Gakushuin University) Assistant, 理学部, 助手 (90080473)
SUZUKI Takehiko Physics (Tokyo Metropolitan University) Assistant, 理学部, 助手 (60240941)
OKA Shuichi Physics (Tokyo Metropolitan University) Associate Prof., 理学部, 助手 (50106605)
MIKAMI Takehiko Physics (Tokyo Metropolitan University) Professor, 理学部, 教授 (10114662)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1993 – 1995
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 1995)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥10,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥10,200,000)
Fiscal Year 1995: ¥1,700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,700,000)
Fiscal Year 1994: ¥3,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,900,000)
Fiscal Year 1993: ¥4,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,600,000)
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| Keywords | Large-scale volcanism / Aerosol release / Tephra / Global environmental changes / Ice core / Tree ring / Laminated lacustrine clay / Rise and fall of civilization |
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| Research Abstract |
1.A worldwide tephra catalog is compiled for the Quaternary large-scale explosive eruptions. It covers such volcanic regions as Japan, New Zealand, North America, Europe, East Africa, and Southeast Asia. This tephra database includes petrographic characters of tephra-forming minerals, dating results, stratigraphic position in the marine isotope stages, distribution, volume, etc. This must be useful for correlation and identification of tephra observed in remote areas as well as for understanding of a role of large-scale eruptions in controlling global climatic changes.
2.Of several marked transition stages in climate recorded in marine isotope fluctuations, border stages 3/2 and 5a/4 are characterized by such large explosive volcanisms as Aira-Tn and Taupo-Kawakawa tephras, and Toba tephra, respectively. This coincidence strongly suggests that rapid cooling may have induced or accerelated from these climactic volcanisms.
3.The last 200-years long volcanic signals are determined from ice core of Antarctica. In particular, the 1809 and 1815 signals are prominent. The latter is a product of the great Tambora eruption, but the source volcano of the former has not yet been determined, presumably in the southern hemisphere.
4.A non-glacial varved chronology is applied for determining calendar age of large scale eruptions producing several marker tephras such as Kikai-Akahoya and Ulreung-Oki ashes.
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