| Budget Amount *help |
¥5,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,100,000)
Fiscal Year 1994: ¥900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000)
Fiscal Year 1993: ¥4,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,200,000)
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| Research Abstract |
Susceptibilities of two species of fireflies, Luciola curciola and L.lateralis to fenitrothion (orgnophosphoraous insecticide), BPMC (carbamate insecticide), and ethofenprox (pyrethroid insecticide) were studied using larvae from 5 colonies of L.curciola and 3 colonies of L.lateralis, collected from different localities. LC_<50> values of Tochigi and Kanagawa colonies of L.curciola to fenitrothion were less than 0.5mh/l. Those of Ohsaka and Hyogo, however, were between 1 and 2 mg/l. Two colonies from Osaka were 2 times less susceptible to fenitrothion that Hyogo colony was. Response to BPMC were almost same as that to fenitrothion among colonies of L.curciola. One colony from Osaka showed 50 times more resistance to ethofenprox than Kanagawa colony. Susceptibilities of L.lateralis to the 3 insecticides were of the same level as observed in L.curciola. A great difference in carboxylesterase activity, which is thought to be involved in resistance, was found in adult fireflies of L.latera
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lis from Gifu and Ibaraki. It is concluded that non-target insects like fireflies also develop resistance to insecticides as do target pest insects.
Linkage group analysis of resistance factors were conducted using pyraclofos resistant and pyriproxyfen resistant strains of housefly. Each resistant strain was obtained after laboratory selections by an optically active organophosphorous insecticide, pyraclofos, and a juvenile hormone mimic, pyriproxyfen. Pyraclofos resistance factors are located on the 2nd 4th and 5th chromosomes. Major resistance factor of pyriproxyfen resistance is on the 2nd chromosome and supplementary factors are located on the lst, 3rd and 5th chromosomes.
It is suggested by synergist studies that mechanisms of permethrin resistance in Culex quinquefaciataus depend on P450 enzymes and the kdr factor.
Field surveys of methomyl resistance in common cutworm showed that resistance to methomyl was very unstable and a large variation of susceptibility to the chemical was found among larvae from each egg mass even collected from the same field.
Neurophysiological studies on a new insecticide, imidacloprid, in the American cockroach showed chemical mechanisms similar the nicotine in the insect nervous system. Less
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