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Ammoniation of barley and rice straw : effect on anatomical and physicochemical characteristics of the cell walls.

Research Project

Project/Area Number 05660309
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Research Field Zootechnical science/Grassland science
Research InstitutionMie University

Principal Investigator

GOTO Masakazu  Fac.Bioresouces, Mie Univ.Associate Professor., 生物資源学部, 助教授 (20144230)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) EHARA Hiroshi  Fac.Bioresouces, Mie Univ.Assistant Researcher., 生物資源学部, 助手 (10232969)
MORITA Osamu  Fac.Bioresouces, Mie Univ.Associate Professor., 生物資源学部, 助教授 (90024562)
Project Period (FY) 1993 – 1994
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 1994)
Budget Amount *help
¥1,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,900,000)
Fiscal Year 1994: ¥400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥400,000)
Fiscal Year 1993: ¥1,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000)
Keywordsammonia treatment / rice straw / cell wall structure / UV spectrometry / cellulose crystallinity / SEM and TEM observations / lignin structure / luminal degradability / 細胞壁構造 / X線回析 / セルロース結晶化度 / リグニン / 繊維質消化率
Research Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate changes in chemical and structural features of the cell walls in barley (Hordium vulgare L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) following treatment with ammonia (30g NH_3 kg^<-1> straw) and to relate to the improvement in cell wall degradability by rumen micrrorganisms.
Stem specimens of untreated and ammonia-treated straw were prepared for SEM and TEM observations. Water- and methanol-extracts of finely ground stem samples were subjected to IR spectrometry and appropriate chemical analysis. The X-ray diffraction patterns, water-holding capacity and swollen volume were also examined.
Changes in chemical composition of barley straw following the treatment were seen as an increase in the nitrogen content of the cell wall fraction and as a partial loss of ester-linked phenolic acids and acetyl groups. Ammonia treatment promoted access by rumen microorganisms to the luminal surface of parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells apparently due to an alteration in the fragility of a thinner, rigid layr covering the inner surface of cell walls. Two measures of the X-ray diffraction pattern in treated straw indicated that treatment of barley straws produced a significant reduction in crystallinity index values of 14-24%. The water retention of the treated barley straw was 30% greater than that of the untreated straw following centrifugation at 300g and 3000g. A slightly higher swollen volume was also observed for water-saturated ammonia-treated barley straw, although the difference was not significant. It is suggested that two major consequences of treatment, the effect of ammonia as weak base on ester bonding within the cell wall and the ability of ammonia in an undissociated form to affect cellulose crystallinity, combine to increase the degradability of the treated straw.

Report

(3 results)
  • 1994 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report Summary
  • 1993 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (14 results)

All Other

All Publications (14 results)

  • [Publications] Masakazu Goto et al.: "Effects of gaseous ammonia on chemical and structural features of cell walls in spring barley straw" Animal Feed Science and Technology. 40. 207-221 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1994 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Masakazu Goto: "Anatomy and UV microspectrometry of barley straw(Hordeum vulgare L.)straw tissues influence microbial degradation" MIEBIOFORUM93-Genetics,Biotechonology and Ecology of Lignocellulose Degradation. 266-275 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1994 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Masakazu Goto et al.: "Histochemistry and UV-microspectrometry of cell walls of untreated and ammonia-treated barley straw and their degradation by rumen microorganisms" Food Structure. (in press).

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1994 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Masakazu Goto: "Ammoniation of barley straw:effect on cellulose crystallinity and water-holding capacity" Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. (submitted).

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1994 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Masakazu Goto: "Ammoniation of barley straw:effect on anatomical and physicochemical characteristics of the cell walls" International Symposium on the Nutrition of Herbivores. (in press).

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1994 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Masakazu Goto: "Effects of gaseous ammonia on chemical and structural features of cell walls in spring barley straw." Animal Feed Science and Technology. Vol.40. 207-221 (1993)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1994 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Masakazu Goto: "Anatomy and UV microspectrometry of barley straw (Hordeum vulgare L.)straw tissues influence microbial degradation." Mie BIOFORUM93-Genetics, Biotechnology and Ecology of Lignocellulose Degradation. 266-275. (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1994 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Masakazu Goto: "Histochemistry and UV-microspectrometry of cell walls of untreated and ammonia-treated barley straw and their degradation by rumen microorganisms.19GC03 : Food Structure" (in press).

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1994 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Masakazu Goto: "Ammoniation of barley straw : effect on cellulose crystallinity and water-holding capacity" Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. (submitted).

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1994 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Masakazu Goto: "Ammoniation of barley straw : effect on anatomical and physicochemical characteristics of the cell walls" International Sympossium on the Nutrition of Hervivores. (in press).

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1994 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Masakazu Goto: "Ammoniation of barley straw:effect on anatomical and physicochemical characteristics of the cell walls" International Symposium on the Nutrition of Herbivores. in press. (1995)

    • Related Report
      1994 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Masakazu Goto: "Histochemistry and UV-microspectrometry of cell walls of untreated and ammonia-treated barley straw and their degradation by rumen microorganisms" Food Structure. (in press). (1995)

    • Related Report
      1994 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Masakazu Goto: "Effects of gaseous ammonia on chemical and structural features of cell walls in spring barley straw" Animal Feed Science and Technology. 40. 207-221 (1993)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Masakazu Goto: "Anatomy and UV microspectrometry of barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)straw tissues influence microbial degradation" MIE BIOFORUM 93 -Genetics,Biotechnology and Ecology of Lignocellulose Degradation. 印刷中. (1994)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report

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Published: 1993-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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