| Project/Area Number |
06453009
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
地球化学
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| Research Institution | HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY (1996)
Tokyo Metropolitan University (1994-1995) |
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Principal Investigator |
KAWAMURA Kimitaka Hokkaido Univ., Institute of Low Temperature Science, Professor, 低温科学研究所, 教授 (70201449)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
SUZUKI Keisuke Sinshu Univ., Fac.of Science, Associate Professor, 理学部, 助教授 (60145662)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1994 – 1996
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 1996)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥8,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥8,400,000)
Fiscal Year 1996: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000)
Fiscal Year 1995: ¥1,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,600,000)
Fiscal Year 1994: ¥5,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,500,000)
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| Keywords | Arctic / Antarctica / Aerosols / Dicaroxylic acids / Oxalic acid / Photochemical reaction / Fatty acids / Polar sunrise / 南極 / モノカルボン酸 / オキソカルボン酸 / 南大洋 / 南極海エアロゾル / 全炭素 / 全窒素 / 全イオウ / ノルマルアルカン / 高級アルコール / 北極大気 / マロン酸 / コハク酸 |
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| Research Abstract |
Homologous series of low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids (C2-C11) have been measured in the arctic aerosol samples collected from July 1987 to June 1988 in Alert. Oxalic acid (C2) was found as the dominant species followed by malonic (C3) or succinic (C4) acid. At the time of polar sunrise, certain dicarboxylic acids in arctic haze aerosols became 5 to 20 times more abundant than in the preceding dark winter months. Furthermore, they are correlated with tropospheric ozone depletion events marked by particulate bromine. Here, we report, for the first time, homologous series of dicarboxylic acids in the polar atmosphere and discuss the formation of these organic acids in terms of photochemical oxidation of pollutant precursors that reach the Arctic by long range atmospheric transport from midlatitudes.
Antarctic aerosols collected at Syowa Station were also studied for water soluble organic compounds. Total carbon and nitrogen were also determined. Succinic (C4) or oxalic (C2) acid was found as the dominant diacid species followed by azelaic (C9), adipic (C6) or malonic (C3) acid. Concentration range of the total diacids was 5.9-88 ngm-3 with an average of 29 ngm-3. Highest concentrations were observed in the summer sample with a predominance of succinic acid (61.5 ngm-3), which comprised of ca. 70% of the total diacids and accounted for 3.5% of total aerosol carbon (1020 ngm-3). The succinic acid (C4) is likely produced by photooxidation fo 4-oxocarboxylic acids, which are present in the atmosphere as intermediates of the photooxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. These results indicate that the antarctic organic aerosols originate from marine-derived lipids and are transformed largely by photochemical oxidations. w-Oxocarboxylic acids (C2-C9,0.36-3.0 ngm-3) also showed the highest concentration in the summer sample, again suggesting a secondarily production in the atmosphere of the Antarctic and Southern Oceans.
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