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The role of exoskeleton in insect defense

Research Project

Project/Area Number 06454023
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field 動物生理・代謝
Research InstitutionHOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY

Principal Investigator

ASHIDA Masaaki  Hokkaido Univ., The Institute of Low Temperature Science, Prof., 低温科学研究所, 教授 (50012422)

Project Period (FY) 1994 – 1996
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 1996)
Budget Amount *help
¥7,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,100,000)
Fiscal Year 1996: ¥2,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,000,000)
Fiscal Year 1995: ¥2,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,100,000)
Fiscal Year 1994: ¥3,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,000,000)
Keywordsprophenol oxidase / cuticle / protease / cascade / insect / sclerotization / lipopolysacharid / exoskeleton / フェノールオキシダーゼ / 生体防御 / メラニゼーション / ドーパ / フェノール酸化酵素 / 血液 / 表皮 / 抗菌ペプチド / ペプチドグリカン
Research Abstract

Insect exoskeleton has often been considered to be a barrier physically protecting internal tissues from the aggression of microbes and parasitoids and from mechanical injury. We previously demonstrated that insect exoskeleton (integument, including cuticle and epidermal cells) engaged in defense not only by physical means but also by ective synthesis of antibacterial peptide under stress conditions such as infection of microbes at injured site (Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.90,6275-6279(1993)). The observation changed our classical view on the function of integument in insect defense. In the present project we further investigated the active engagement of the insect integument in insect defense. The major results are as follows : a) Prophenol oxidase cascade similar to that in hemolymph is present in body wall cuticle and tracheal cuticle. ; b) Cuticular prophenol oxidase is synthesized in hemocytes and transported to cuticle, where it is localized in a specific orderly arrayd pattern. c) Cuticular prophenol oxidase had retention time different from that of hemolymph on reversed phase ODS column chromatography, indicating that prophenol oxidase in hemolymph is modified in the process of its transport from hemolymph to cuticle. We are currently investigating the structural difference between prophenol oxidases from hemolymph and from cuticle. d) Prophenol oxidase a activating enzyme was purified from cuticles and its primary structure was deduced from base sequence of prophenol oxidase activating enzyme cDNA.e) Cecropin synthesis is induced in epidermal cells after abrasion of body wall cuticle and the application of lipopolysaccharide at the abraded part. Very small amount of lipopolysaccharide (a few picogram) could induce the synthesis when it was applied at abraded cuticle of 5th instar silkworm.

Report

(4 results)
  • 1996 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report Summary
  • 1995 Annual Research Report
  • 1994 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (35 results)

All Other

All Publications (35 results)

  • [Publications] Ashida,M.: "A target protease of serpins in insect hemolymph" Insect Biochem.& Moilec.Biol.24. 1037-1041 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Brey,P.T.: "Tyrosinase-type prophenoloxidase distribution in the alimentary canal of strains of Anopheles gambiae refractory and susceptible to Plasmodium infection" Experimental Parasitol. 80. 654-664 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Katsumi,Y.: "A serine protease zymogen in insect plasma : Purification and activation by microbial cell wall components" Eur.J.Biochem.228. 870-877 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Yasuhara,Y.: "Re-examination of properties of prophenoloxidase isolated from larval hemolymph of the silkworm,Bombyx mori" Arch.Biochem.Biophys.320. 14-23 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Kawabata,T.: "Molecular cloning of insect prophenoloxidase : A copper containing protein homologous to arthropod hemocyanin" Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.92. 7774-7778 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Ashida,M.: "Role of the integument in insect defense : Prophenoloxidase cascade in the cuticular matrix" Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.92. 10698-10702 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Yoshida,H.: "Purification of a peptidogiycan recognition protein from hemolymph of the silkworm,Bombyx mori" J.Biol.Chem.271. 13854-13860 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Tsuchiya,M.: "Detection of peptidoglycan and beta-glucan with silkworm larvae plasma test" FEMS Immunol.Med.Microbiol.15. 129-134 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Ashida,M.: "Studies on the phenol oxidase system of insect" Zool.Sci.13. 3-4 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Ashida,M.: "Recent advances on the research of the insect prophenoloxidase cascade" Molecular mechanisms of immune responses insects. (印刷中). (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Chen,C.C.: "Effects of inhibitors of serine protease,phenoloxidase and dopadecarboxylase on the melanization of Dirofilaria immitis microfilariaw with Armigeres subalbatus hemolymph in vitro" Parasitology. (印刷中). (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Ashida, M.: "A target protease of serpins in insect hemolymph." Insect Biochem.& Molec.Biol.24. 1037-1041 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Brey, P.T.: "Tyrosinase-type prophenoloxidase distribution in the alimentary canal of strains of Anopheles gambiae refractory and susceptible to Plasmodium infection." Experimental Parasitol. 80. 654-664 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Katsumi, Y.: "A serine protease zymogen in insect plasma : Purification and activation by microbial cell wall components." Eur.J.Biochem.228. 870-877 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Yasuhara, Y.: "Re-examination of properties of prophenoloxidase isolated from larval hemolymph of the silkworm, Bombyx mori." Arch.Biochem.Biophys.320. 14-23 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Kawabata, T.: "Molecular cloning of insect prophenoloxidase : A copper containing protein homologous to arthropod hemocyanin." Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.92. 7774-7778 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Ashida, M.: "Role of the integument in insect defense : Prophenoloxidase cascade in the cuticular matrix." Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.92. 10698-10702 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Yoshida, H.: "Purification of a peptidoglycan recognition protein from hemolymph of the silkworm, Bombyx mori" J.Biol.Chem.271. 13854-13860 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Tsuchiya, M.: "Detection of peptidoglycan and beta-glucan with silkworm larvae plasma test." FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology.15. 129-134 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Ashida, M.: "Recent advances on the research of the insect prophenoloxidase cascade (Eds.Brey, P.T.and Hultmark, D.). In Molecular mechanisms of immune responses in insects." Chapman & Hall/London. (in press). (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Lee, W.-J.: "Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of prophenoloxidase cDNA from the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae." Biochem.J.(in press). (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Chen, C.C.: "Effects of inhibitors of serine protease, phenoloxidase and dopa decarboxylase on the melanization of Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae with Armigeres subalbatus hemolymph in vitro" Parasitology. (in press). (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Yoshida, H.: "Purification of a peptidoglycan recognition protein from hemolymph of the silkworm, Bombyx mori" J. Biol. Chem.271. 13854-13860 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tsuchiya, M.: "Detection of peptidoglycan and beta-glucan with silkworm larvae plasma test" FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol.15. 129-134 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Ashida, M.: "Studies on the phenol oxidase system of insect" Zool. Sci.13. 3-4 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Ashida, M.: "Recent advances on the research of the insect prophenoloxidase cascade" Molecular mechanisms of immune responses insects. (印刷中). (1997)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Chen, C. C.: "Effects of inhibitors of serine protease, phenoloxidase and dopadecarboxylase on the melanization of Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae with Armigeres subalbatus hemolymph in vitro" Parasitology. (印刷中). (1997)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Brey,P.T.: "Tyrosinase-type prophenoloxidase distribution in the alimentary canal of strains of Anopheles gambiae refractory and susceptible to Plasmodium infection" Experimental Parasitol.80. 654-664 (1995)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Katsumi,Y.: "A serine protease zymogen in insect plasma:Purification and activation by microbial cell wall components." Eur.J.Biochem.228. 870-877 (1995)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Yasuhara,Y.: "Re-examination of properties of prophenoloxidase isolated from larval hemolymph of the silkworm Bombyx mori." Arch.Biochem.Biophys.320. 14-23 (1995)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Kawabata,T.: "Molecular cloning of insect pro-phenol oxidase:A copper-containing protein homologous to arthropod hemocyanin." Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.92. 7774-7778 (1995)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Ashida,M.: "Role of the integument in insect defense:Pro-phenol oxidase cascade in the cuticular matrix." Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.92. 10698-10702 (1995)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] M.Ashida & T.Sasaki: "A target protease activity of serpin in insect hemolymph" Insect Biochem.& Molec.Biol.24. 1037-1041 (1994)

    • Related Report
      1994 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Y.Katsumi et al.: "A serine protease zymogen in insect plasma:Purification and activation by microbial cell wall components" Eur.J.Biochem.(in press). (1995)

    • Related Report
      1994 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] P.T.Brey et al.: "Tyrosinase-type prophenoloxidase distribution in the alimentary canal of strains of A.Gambiae refractory and susceptible to plasmodium infection" J.Pathology. (in press). (1995)

    • Related Report
      1994 Annual Research Report

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Published: 1994-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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