| Research Abstract |
1.According to Neo-grammarians, the meaning of a verbal root is defined as activity conducive to the production of a result (phalanukulavyapara) , whereby a kartr (agent) is considered to be a locus of activity (phalasraya) and a kartr (object) a locus of its result. The idea that a meaning of a verbal root has two aspects : activity and its result may properly be traced back to Patanjali's Mahabhasya.
2.Bhattoji Diksita established the theory that meanings of nominal endings are : a locus (asraya) , a starting point (avadhi) , an objective to be aimed at (uddesya) , and relation (sambandha) , finally making meanings of karakavibhakti-s out to be a capacity (sakti, samarthya) for accomplishing an action.
3.In the theory of karaka elaborated by Bhartrhari, according to which a karaka which brings an action to accomplishment is a capacity to bring it out, an entity which constitutes the corresponding world to language is viewed as a complex of multiple capacities. In correlation to different actions to be realized, a single entity participating in them can be an agent at one time and an object at another. The notion of a karaka as a capacity enables one to explain various verbal expressions with reference to a single entity by introducing a speaker's intention (vivaksa). The speaker's intention which Katyayana has already justly recognized plays an important role in verbal expression becomes one of the fundamental factors in later development of the karaka-theory.
Much still remains to be done concerning the question of how the ontological status of a capacity is thought of by Bhartrhari.
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