Prototype abstraction and retention of examples in categorization
| Project/Area Number |
06610077
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Research Field |
実験系心理学
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| Research Institution | KYUSYU UNIVERSITY |
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Principal Investigator |
HAKODA Yuji KYUSYU UNIVERSITY,LITERATURE,PROFESSOR, 文学部, 教授 (50117214)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
KAIDA Akiko NISYOGAKUSYA UNIVERSITY,LITERATURE,LECTURER, 文学部, 講師 (80192532)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1994 – 1995
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 1995)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,000,000)
Fiscal Year 1995: ¥400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥400,000)
Fiscal Year 1994: ¥1,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,600,000)
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| Keywords | CATEGORIZATION / PROTOTYPE / CONFIDENCE RATING / PROTOTIPICALITY / FAMILY RESEMBLANCE / BUTTERFLY / ASYMMETRIC CONFUSABILITY EFFECT / 顔 / 相貌特徴 / 印象評定 / 自然画像 / 事例情報 / 蝶図形 |
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| Research Abstract |
We questioned whether the findings of previous research about categorization in which artificial visual patterns were as stimuli in experiment are applicable to the categorization of natural visual pattern (e.g., butterfly pattern). Six experiments were conducted. Experiments 1, 2, and 3 used schematic butterfly patterns as stimuli. Subjects were exposed to a subset of instances of th epattern that varied in their transformational distance from the prototype, and then given a recognition rating test. These experiments showed the following. (1) Recognition ratng was found to be related to each instance's family resemblance score (Rosch & Mervis, 1975) rather than its transformational distance (Franks & Bransford, 1971). (2) five physical features (fore wing, hind wing, size, body length and color) of the stimulus affected recognition confidence ratings differently when the family resemblance score (FRS) of each instance was kept equally. Moreover, even if both the FRS of each instance a
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nd the frequency of occurrence of each feature were kept equally, each feature affected recognition confidence ratings differently. Especially, fore wing was most influential feature in recognition confidence rating. Experiment 4 and 5 investigated the effects of kinds of change (addition or deletion) which were applied to original photographs of natural butterflies. The recognition test showed higher accuracy in the patterns with added features than with deleted features. In addition, we replicated the most influential effects of fore wing. In Experiment 6, the relationship between the effects of kinds of change and the similarity judgment between each photograph and prototypical image of butterflies was investigated. The results showed that the patterns with added features were judged more unusual or odd than with deleted features, and it was suggested that this asymmetric confusability effect of addition and deletion on recognition was mediated by the factor of the similarity between each photograph and prototypical image of butterflies. Less
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(3 results)
Research Products
(10 results)
