| Project/Area Number |
07044187
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | Joint Research |
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| Research Institution | The Graduate University For Advanced Studies |
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Principal Investigator |
TAKAHATA Naoyuki The Graduate University For Advanced Studies, 教育研究交流センター, 教授 (30124217)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
SATTA Yoko The Graduate University For Advanced Studies, 教育研究交流センター, 助教授 (20222010)
RANJAN Deka 公衆衛生研究所, 人類遺伝部, 教授
MARYELLEN Ru ハーバード大学, 人類学教室, 教授
JAN Klein マックスプランク生物学研究所, 免疫遺伝部, 部長
NEI Masatoshi Pennsylvania State University, 分子進化遺伝学研究所, 所長
RUVOIO Maryellen Harvard University
DEKA Ranjan University of Pittsburgh
KLEIN Jan Max-planck Institute fur Biologie
DEKA Ranjan 公衆衛生研究所, 人類遺伝部, 教授
RUVOLO Marye ハーバード大学, 人類学教室, 教授
KLEIN Jan マックスプランク生物学研究所, 免疫遺伝部, 部長
KLEN Jan マックス, プランク生物学研究所・免疫遺伝部, 部長(研究職)
NEI Masatosh ペンシルバニア州立大学, 分子進化遺伝学研究所, 所長
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| Project Period (FY) |
1995 – 1996
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 1996)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000)
Fiscal Year 1996: ¥1,700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,700,000)
Fiscal Year 1995: ¥1,700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,700,000)
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| Keywords | Molecular Anthropology / Human Evolution / Primate Phylogeny / African Origin Hypothesis / Multiregional Hypothesis / DNA Variation / Dcvelopmental Biology / Morphological Differences / Evolution of Regulatory Genes / 多地域進化 / 進化集団遺伝学 / MHC / DNA / 人種 / 多様性 / 移住 |
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| Research Abstract |
This project was organized by two researchers from Japan (N.Takahata as PI,Y.Satta), three from the USA (M.Nei, M.Ruvolo, R.Deka), and one from Germany (J.Klein). During the term of the project, not only these members frequently exchanged ideas and generated a large body of DNA sequence data of MHC genes and mitochondrial DNA in primates, but also they used them or gathered available data together with solid theoretical and new statistical methods in order to elucidete evolution of primates in general and modern humans in particular.
The divergence time of primates was estimated and the population dynamics was investigated. It became clear that some of main primate divergences took place much earlier than once thought. Also, all researches on the origin of modern humans consistently supported the African origin hypothesis over the multiregional hypothesis. However, the real evolutionary process of modern humans appears more dynamical than both hypotheses envisage. It is necessary to construct a more realistic hypothesis and relate it to knowledge in other fields of science.
Klein and Takahata agreed that it is timely to publish a book based on our present results from theoretical considerations, experiments and data analyzes. This is almost done and we hope it will appear not long. One problem in our project remains unsolved, that is characterization ofthe human DNA in comparison with the closest relative DNA : While the differences between them is only 1% at the DNA level, the morphological differences look enormously large. Since it seems that a clue for this apparent paradox may reside in tiny changes in regulatory regions in the genome, we planned to integrate knowledge in developmental biology. Actually, much more was required and thus the achievement of this project is yet immature. We nonetheless believe that the project contributed to further development of molecular anthropology, not to a small extent.
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