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DNAの進化と変異の機構

Research Project

Project/Area Number 07454208
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field 遺伝
Research InstitutionNational Institute of Genetics

Principal Investigator

HARADA Tomoko  National Institute of Genetics, Department of Population Genetics, Professor, 集団遺伝研究系, 教授 (80000256)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) TAJIMA Fumio  University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Science, Professor, 大学院・理学系研究科, 教授 (30183065)
TAKANO Toshiyuki  National Institute of Genetics, Department of Population Genetics, Research Asso, 集団遺伝研究系, 助手 (90202150)
Project Period (FY) 1995 – 1996
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 1996)
Budget Amount *help
¥7,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,300,000)
Fiscal Year 1996: ¥3,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000)
Fiscal Year 1995: ¥3,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,800,000)
KeywordsDNA polymorphism / Molecular evolution / Slightly deleterious mutation / Adaptive evolution
Research Abstract

Molecular mechanism of gene evolution has been a fundamental problem in evolutionary biology for many years. One focus of controversy concerns the effect and significance of natural selection. The present study mainly put a focus on dissection of DNA changes into nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions which occurred among closely related species in mammals and Drosophila. Amino-acid-altering substitution, or nonsynonymous substitution, is naturally considered to be more exposed to natural selection than synonymous change. Thus, the comparison between these two patterens in a gene provides a good opportunity to evaluate the effect of natural selection. Along this line, we studied the pattern of molecular evolution in mammalian and Drosophila genes. Particularly, we could reveal that the ratio of replacement to synonymous changes in the lineage leading to rodent is lower than that in the primate lineage. This is consistent with the nearly neutral mutation model, which advocates that most of amino acid changes are slightly deleterious. The variation in nonsynonymous substitution among lineages was significant in mammals after weighting the lineage effects. The ratio of replacement to synonymous substitutions also varied significantly among lineages for some of the genes studied in Drosophila. This episodic molecular evolution cannot be explained by the epistatic effect among amino acid sites. Thus, fluctuation of population size or selective constraint should be taken into consideration. Otherwise, positive Darwinian evolution may have some impact on molecular evolution. Further study on higher-order interaction will be also needed to understand the molecular evolution of the complicated genetic systems and to dissect the effects of natural selection and random genetic drift.

Report

(3 results)
  • 1996 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report Summary
  • 1995 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (26 results)

All Other

All Publications (26 results)

  • [Publications] Tomoko Ohta: "Synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions in mammalian genes and the nearly neutral theory." J.Mol.Evol.40. 56-63 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Tomoko Ohta: "Development of neutral and nearly neutral theories." Theoretical Population Biology. 49. 128-142 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Peter Parham: "Population biology of antigen presentation by MHC class I molecules." Science. 272. 67-74 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Tomoko Ohta: "Role of random genetic drift in the evolution of interactive systems." J. Mol. Evol.(in press).

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Fumio Tajima: "Effect of non-random sampling on the estimation of parameters in population genetics." Genetical Research. 66. 267-276 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Y.Otsuka: "Genetic variation in the expression of the six hsp genes in the presence of heat shock in Drosophila melanogaster." Genes & Genetic Systems. (in press).

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Toshiyuki S.Takano: "Current topics on molecular evolution" Inst.of Mol.Evol.Genet.,The Penn. State Univ.,USA,Graduate School for Advanced Studies,Hayama,Japan., 260 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Ohta, T.: "Synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions in mammaliangenes and the nearly neutral theory." J.Mol.Evol.40. 56-63 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Ohta, T.and Gillespie, J.H.: "Development of neutral and nearly neutral theories." Theoretical Population Biology. 49. 128-142 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Parham, P.and Ohta, T.: "Population biology of antigen presentation by MHC class I molecules." Science. 272. 67-74 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Ohta, T.: "Role of random genetic drift in the evolution of interactive systems." J.Mol.Evol.(in press). (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Tajima, F.: "1995 Effect of non-random sampling on the estimation of parameters in population genetics." Genet.Res.66. 267-276 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Otsuka, Y., Takano, T.S.and Yamazaki, Y.: "Genetic variation in the expression of the six hsp genes in the presence of heat shock in Drosophila melanogaster." Genes & Genetic Systems. (in press). (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Takano, T.S.: Genetic study of species differences as observed as loss of bristles in interspecific hybrids of Drosophila.In Current topics on molecular evolution, eds.M.Nei and N.Takahata, pp255-260. Institute of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics, The Pennsylvania State University, USA,The Graduate School for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Japan., (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1996 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Tomoko Ohta: "Development of neutral and nearly neutral theories." Theoretical Population Biology. 49・2. 128-142 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tomoko Ohta: "The current significance and standing of neutral and nearly neutral theories." BioEssays. 18・8. 673-677 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] P.Parham: "Population biology of antigen presentation by MHC class I molecules." Science. 272・5258. 67-74 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tomoko Ohta: "Role of random genetic drift in the evolution of interactive systems." Journal of Molecular Evolution. (in press).

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Y.Otsuka: "Genetic variation in the expression of the six hsp genes in the presence of heat shock in Drosophila melanogaster." Genes & Genetic Systems. (in press).

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Toshiyuki S.Takano: "Current topics on molecular evolution" Inst.of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics,The Pennsylvania State Univ.,USA,Graduate School for Adv.Studies,Hayama,Japan, 260 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tomoko Ohta: "Synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions in mammalian genes and the nearly neutral theory." J Mol Evol. 40. 56-63 (1995)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tomoko Ohta: "Gene conversion vs point mutation in generating variability at the antigen recognition site of major histocompatibility complex loci." J Mol Evol. 41. 115-119 (1995)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tomoko Ohta: "Variation in synonymous substitution rates among mammalian genes and the correlation between synonymous and nonsynonymous divergences" J Mol Evol. 41. 717-720 (1995)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tomoko Ohta: "Development of the neutral and nearly neutral theories." Theoretical Population Biology. 49(in press). (1996)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Fumio Tajima: "Estimation of evolutionary distance for reconstructing molecular phylogenetic trees." Mol.Biol.Evol.11. 278-286 (1994)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tomoko Ohta: "Lecture Notes in Biomathematics 100 "Frontiers in Mathematical Biology"" Springer-Verlag, 174-185 (1994)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report

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Published: 1995-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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