| Project/Area Number |
07558084
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 試験 |
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| Research Field |
環境保全
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| Research Institution | UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO |
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Principal Investigator |
YAMAMOTO Kazuo Univ.of Tokyo, Environmental Science Center, Professor, 環境安全研究センター, 教授 (60143393)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
URASE Taro Univ.of Tokyo, Graduate school of Engineering, Research Assoc., 大学院・工学系研究科, 助手 (60272366)
KAMIYAMA Yoshiyasu Nitto Denko Corp., Dept.of Membrane research, Head of research center, メンブレン事業部, 開発センター長
NAKAO Shinichi Univ.of Tokyo, Graduate school of Engineering, Professor, 大学院・工学系研究科, 教授 (00155665)
OHGAKI Shinichiro Univ.of Tokyo, Graduate school of Engineering, Professor, 大学院・工学系研究科, 教授 (20005549)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1995 – 1996
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 1996)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥12,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥12,000,000)
Fiscal Year 1996: ¥4,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,000,000)
Fiscal Year 1995: ¥8,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥8,000,000)
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| Keywords | NANOFILTRATION / REVERSE OSMOSIS / GROUND WATER / WASTEWATER RECLAMATION / WATER RESOURCES / WATER TREATMENT |
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| Research Abstract |
Low pressure reverse osmosis and nanofiltration processes are developed for new water resources. It was possible to separate dilute solution at operational pressure of below 0.5atm with the volume flux of 0.1m/d. Pollutants of ground water such as nitrate, organochloric compounds, metals are studied for model substances. Phenolic compounds and volatile organochloric compounds generally gave lower retentions compared to chloride ions while heavy metals gave higher retention. Size of solutes was plotted against rejection and correlation was discussed.
High pressure reverse osmosis and nanofiltration processes are developed assuming 75% fresh water recovery process from 3wt% artificial sea water. Reflection coefficient, solutes permeation coefficient and pure water permeability was determined from experimental results. Process simulation was done for high recovery desalination process.
Mechanism of solute separations in nanofiltration membranes were studied. The reason of lower rejection of nitrate compared to that of chloride was focused. Extended Nernst Plank equation was applied for the transport inside charged membrane and Donnan equilibrium condition was assumed for the surface of membrane. Partition coefficient was introduces because conventional theory fails to explain the phenomena.
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