| Project/Area Number |
07640956
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
人類学(含生理人類学)
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| Research Institution | Keio University |
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Principal Investigator |
YAMAZAKI Nobutoshi Keio University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Professor, 理工学部, 教授 (70101996)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1995 – 1996
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 1996)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥1,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,900,000)
Fiscal Year 1996: ¥800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000)
Fiscal Year 1995: ¥1,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000)
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| Keywords | Erect bipedal walking / Evolution / Adaptation / Neuro-musculo-skeletal model / Synthesis of walking / Genetic algorithm / Computer simulation / Artificial life |
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| Research Abstract |
The acquisition process of human bipedal walking was simulated using a neuro-musculo-skeletal model and genetic algorithm, assuming that body proportion had been formed to adapt to the locomotion under a certain evolutional strategy. The two dimensional model was constructed as ten rigid links with twenty-six muscles and eighteen neural oscillators. Bipedal locomotion was generated by a mutual entrainment between the neural rhythm and the body oscillation as multi rigid pendulums. The evolutional strategy was defined to decrease energy consumption and muscular fatigue, and used as a fitness in the genetic algorithm. Body proportion and posture were modified by muscular tensions and joint extensions in the generated walking. The number of individuals in the genetic algorithm was fifty, and the reproduction was performed five thousand times. As a result, body proportion changed from the initial prportion referred to chimpanzee to modern proportion of man, and body size also nearly reached the size of man. The adaptational process of the simulated evolution shows that the early erection of the upper torso and the constant elongation of the leg should be occurred in man. These results help us to understand the origin of man and adaptation of the locomotion. The walking of a Neanderthal infant that was discovered in 1993 was restored by using this simulation technique as an application.
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