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Influence of acid snowmelt on the chemistry of stream water in the forest watersheds of the cold and snowy region, Japan

Research Project

Project/Area Number 07660177
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field 林学
Research InstitutionHOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY

Principal Investigator

SATOH Fuyuki  Hokkaido Univ., Exp.Forest, Fac.of Agr., Associate Pro., 農学部附属演習林, 助教授 (20187230)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) NOMURA Mutsumi  Hokkaido Univ., Exp.Forest, Fac.of Agr., Assistant Pro., 農学部附属演習林, 助手 (20271629)
SASA Kaichiro  Hokkaido Univ., Exp.Forest, Fac.of Agr., Pro., 農学部附属演習林, 教授 (70125318)
FUJIWARA Koichiro  Yamagata Univ., Fac.of Agr., Pro., 農学部, 教授 (00001503)
Project Period (FY) 1995 – 1997
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 1997)
Budget Amount *help
¥2,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,100,000)
Fiscal Year 1997: ¥500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000)
Fiscal Year 1996: ¥400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥400,000)
Fiscal Year 1995: ¥1,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000)
Keywordssnowmelt / ionic composition / streamwater / acid shock / forest watershed / forest influence / cold snowy region / middle latitude / 融雪期 / 化学組成 / 酸性融雪水 / 酸性雪 / 選択的溶出 / 水資源
Research Abstract

A series of observation was carried out to investigate the occurrence of acid snowmelt and its influence on the in the forest watersheds of northen Hokkaido. The results are as follows :
1. The chemical composition of the snowpack of the watershed in mountain area was strongly affected by the presence of forest and had little relation with altitude. The snowpack on open area was acidic. On the other hand, those in forests showed lower acidity and higher ionic concentrations. These findings indicate that forests not only buffer the acidity of snowpack but also have an effect on trapping dry deposits.
2. The pH of initial snowmelt was less than 4.0 and then rapidly increased as the progression of melting. A Continuous elution of ionic species was observed from the snowpack during the thaw period. Approximately 70% of H^+ eluted out during the thaw was lost with the first 20% of meltwater (chemical fractionation) , which indicated the strong release of acid in the beginning of the thaw.
3. Although strong release of acid was evident for the meltwater, the decrease of pH was obscure in the streamwater of forest watersheds. Following reasons were considered : the meltwater penetrated into the deeper part in case of the watersheds of the rocks in tertiary period ; the streamwater had high HCO_3^- concentration in case of the watersheds of serpentine rocks. In addition, it was also possible that the forest on the watersheds decreased the acidity of the snowpack.
4. As for Ca^<2+>, Mg^<2+> and HCO_3^-, their output from the watershed exceeded their input from the snowpack, which indicated they were supplied, to some extent, from the inside of the watersheds via biogeochemical processes. The respiration of microorganisms acted an important role for the generation of HCO_3^- Which was dominant proton source inside the watersheds after the thaw period.

Report

(4 results)
  • 1997 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report Summary
  • 1996 Annual Research Report
  • 1995 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (20 results)

All Other

All Publications (20 results)

  • [Publications] 佐藤 冬樹: "北海道における酸性雪" 雪氷. 58. 285-294 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1997 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 佐藤 冬樹: "寒冷積雪地における酸性雪の融雪水組成" 日本林学会大会論文集. 107. 157-158 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1997 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 佐藤 冬樹: "北海道北部の新雪に含まれる化学成分の空間変動-選択的溶出とNH4+沈着の影響-" 北海道大学演習林研究報告. 53. 205-218 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1997 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 佐藤 冬樹: "北海道北部山地の積雪の科学組成-森林の影響と流域物質収支解明への予備調査-" 北海道大学演習林研究報告. 53. 219-234 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1997 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 佐藤 冬樹: "北海道北部における積雪底面融雪水のイオン組成" 北海道大学演習林研究報告. 54. 175-187 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1997 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Satoh Fuyuki: "The chemical composition of snowfall an‐d snowmelt in the northernmost part of Japan" Journal of Conference Abstracts. 2. 290 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1997 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] SATOH Fuyuki: "The chemical composition of acid snowfall in northern part of Hokkaido" Seppyo. 58. 285-294 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1997 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] SATOH Fuyuki: "Chemistry of meltwater from acid snow cover in cold and snowy region" Trans.Jap.For.Soc.107. 157-158 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1997 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] SATOH Fuyuki: "Spatial variability in the chemical composition of new snow in the lowland of northern Hokkaido : Effects of selective Elution and NH_4^+ deposition" Res.Bull.Hakkaido Univ.For.53. 205-218 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1997 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] SATOH Fuyuki: "Chemistry of snowpack in the mountain area of northern Hokkaido : An observation understanding the mineral cycle of the forest watershed in cold and snowy region" Res.Bull.Hokkaido Univ.For.53. 219-234 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1997 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] SATOH Fuyuki: "Ionic composition of the bottom-melt in the northern part of Hokkaido" Res.Bull.Hokkaido Univ.For.54. 175-187 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1997 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] SATOH Fuyuki: "The chemical composition of snowfall and snowmelt in the northernmost part of Japan" J.Confer.Abs.2. 290 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1997 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 佐藤冬樹: "北海道北部における積雪底面融雪水のイオン組成" 北海道大学農学部演習林研究報告. 54・2. 175-187 (1997)

    • Related Report
      1997 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Satoh Fuyuki: "The chemical composition of snowfall and snowmelt in the northernmost part of Japan" Journal of conference Abstracts. 2・2. 290 (1997)

    • Related Report
      1997 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 佐藤冬樹: "北海道における酸性雪" 雪氷. 58・4. 285-294 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 佐藤冬樹: "寒冷積雪地における酸性雪の融雪水組成" 日本林学会大会論文集. 106. 157-158 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 佐藤冬樹: "北海道北部の新雪に含まれる化学成分の空間変動 -選択的溶出とNH4+沈着の影響-" 北海道大学演習林研究報告. 53・2. 205-218 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 佐藤冬樹: "北海道北部山地の積雪の化学組成 -森林の影響と流域物質収支解明への予備調査-" 北海道大学演習林研究報告. 53・2. 219-234 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 佐藤 冬樹: "北海道における酸性雪" 雪氷. 58(印刷中). (1996)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 佐藤 冬樹: "寒冷積雪地における酸性雪の融雪水組成" 日林論. 106(発表予定). (1996)

    • Related Report
      1995 Annual Research Report

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Published: 1995-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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