| Project/Area Number |
08454278
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
人類学(含生理人類学)
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| Research Institution | KYOTO UNIVERSITY |
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Principal Investigator |
NISHIDA Toshisada Kyoto Univ., Graduate School of Science, Professor, 大学院・理学研究科, 教授 (40011647)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
KURODA Suehisa Univ.of Shiga Pref., School of Human Cultures, Professor, 人間文化学部, 教授 (80153419)
IHOBE Hiroshi Kyoto Univ., Graduate School of Science, Assistant Professor, 大学院・理学研究科, 助手 (20252413)
KANO Takayoshi Kyoto Univ., Primate Research Institute, Professor, 霊長類研究所, 教授 (40045050)
SUGIYAMA Yukimaru Kyoto Univ., Primate Research Institute, Professor, 霊長類研究所, 教授 (20025349)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1996 – 1997
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 1997)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥7,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,200,000)
Fiscal Year 1997: ¥2,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,400,000)
Fiscal Year 1996: ¥4,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,800,000)
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| Keywords | Chimpanzee / Bonobo / Video ethogram / Culture / Common ancestor / Comparative study / Grooming / Sexual behavior / Chimpanzee / bonobo / ethogram / audio-visual ethogro / cultuse / Commurication |
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| Research Abstract |
It has been known that chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes)and bonobos(Pan paniscus)show a great deal of local, as well as age, sex and idiosyncratic, differences. In what kind of domain are local behavioral differences most remarkable? This is an important question to be addressed when we want to solve the origins of human culture. The extent of local differences has not well been elucidated. This is partly bacause of the lack of detailed ethogram in most of the study sites of chimpanzees and bonobos. This study aims to clarify the behavioral comparisons between chimpanzees and bonobos. We need such comparisons in order to reconstruct the behavior of the last common ancestors of Homo and Pan.
We obtained the following results from the present study. 1.Six repertories of tool use behavior were different between the chimpanzees in Guinea and Tanzania, 2.Grooming, sexual behavior and reassurance behavior were different between the chimpanzees and the bonobos. (1)Simultaneous grooming among more than three individuals and mutual grooming were seldom observed among benobos. (2).Infant bonobos were never observed to disturb copulation of their mothers. (3)Mounting as ressurance behavior was never observed among bonobos. These findings have not been reported before. From the present study, it was clarified that the video ethograms were useful for comparisons on behavior between species or different populations of the same species.
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