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Development of SPOT (Simple Performance-Oriented Test), a Japanese Language Test

Research Project

Project/Area Number 08458055
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field Japanese language education
Research InstitutionUniversity of Tsukuba

Principal Investigator

KOBAYASHI Noriko  University of Tsukuba, Institute of Literature and Linguistics, Associate Professor, 文芸・言語学系, 助教授 (00241753)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) SAKAI Takako  University of Tsukuba, Institute of Literature and Linguistics, Assistant Profes, 文芸・言語学系, 講師 (40215588)
YAMAMOTO Hilofumi  University of Tsukuba, Institute of Literature and Linguistics, Assistant Profes, 文芸・言語学系, 講師 (30241756)
Project Period (FY) 1996 – 1998
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 1998)
Budget Amount *help
¥5,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,200,000)
Fiscal Year 1998: ¥1,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,900,000)
Fiscal Year 1997: ¥1,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,600,000)
Fiscal Year 1996: ¥1,700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,700,000)
KeywordsSPOT / Japanese language ability / automaticity / language test / grammatical item / 外国語としての日本語 / テスト / テスト処理 / 文法項目ラベル / 外国語テスト法 / 評価 / プレースメントテスト / 運用力 / 文法項目 / 聴取
Research Abstract

SPOT (Simple Performance-Oriented Test) has been originally devised by Noriko Kobayashi and Junko Ford-Niwa as a new device that allows JSL(Japanese as a second language) learners at various levels to be placed simply, swiftly and accurately. The results of the research suggest that SPOT is a sufficiently accurate means to place students.
SPOT consists of an audio taped recording of a native speaker reading a series of complete sentences, to which the testee listens while reading the same sentences in Japanese script on the answer sheet. Each sentence on the answer sheet contains a blank which the testee must fill in based on the tape. Each blank consists of a single hiragana character which represents all or part of a grammatical item.
This research project has elucidated the following.
1 )The results of trials at several institutions under different circumstances have been analyzed and the results show the score of the SPOT to be highly reliable. (The numbers of the co-operative institutions are more than 50, including not only those in Japan but also in USA, Australia, Korea, Indonesia, etc.)
2) SPOT does not seem suitable for testing each discrete point of language knowledge, or the proficiency of each language skill such as reading, listening, writing and speaking, but is effective for testing integrated proficiency or processing ability in natural speed.
3)The phonetic variations (duration, pitch contour, devoicing or weakening of vowels or consonants) of the sentences read in the SPOT have a strong relation with the score.
4)The research suggests that SPOT ranks Japanese learners by measuring their automatic processing ability.
5) SPOT would be a good instrument to investigate the process and outcome of grammar acquisition by Japanese Language learners.

Report

(4 results)
  • 1998 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report Summary
  • 1997 Annual Research Report
  • 1996 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (25 results)

All Other

All Publications (25 results)

  • [Publications] 山元啓史、小林典子: "SPOTにおける文法項目と妥当性" 日本語教育方法研究会誌. 6-1. 58-59 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] フォード丹羽順子・酒井たか子: "学習時間数とSPOT得点の関係-インドネシア語話者、タイ語話者に対するSPOTの実施結果より-" 筑波大学留学生センター日本語教育論集. 14. 109-120 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Yamamoto, H,& Kobayashi, N.: "Grammar Items Used in SPOT and Its Validity (in Japanese)" Japanese Language Education Methods. 6-1. 58-59 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Ford-Niwa, J.& Sakai, T.: "Relationship between SPOT Scores and Length of Study (in Japanese)" Nihongo Kyoiku Ronshu 14, University of Tsukuba. 109-122 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Kobayashi, N.: "Development of SPOT for the purpose of placing Japanese Languages Students" The Fourth International conference on Testing JFL ability : the SPOT project and related issues, University of Tsukuba. 1-7 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Sakai, T.: "Japanese language ability measured by Tsukuba Placement Test" ibid. 8-17 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Yamamoto, H.: "The data processing system and data file format of SPOT" ibid. 18-25 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Tohsaku, Y.: "The relation between learning opportunity and acquisition of grammar items : the degree of grammar acquisition as seen from the perspective of SPOT" ibid. 26-36 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Hatasa, Y.: "Analysis of four types of SPOT tests and length effects" ibid. 51-60 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Min, KJ.: "On phonetic variations of test sentences according to reading style" ibid. 61-66 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Ford, KJ.: "The two components of language performance and what SPOT measures" ibid. 67-72 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Yamamoto, H.: "Things that we wanted to measure and things that we could't measure" ibid. 87-91 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Hatasa, Y & Tohsaku.Y.: "SPOT as a Placement test" In H.M.Cook, et al.(eds) New trends and issues in teaching Japanese languaga and culture, University of Hawaii. (in press).

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Ford, NJ.: "Gengo unyooryoku no sokutee ni mukete : SPOT no kooseegainen datoosee ni tsuite" Josai International University Bulletin. 5 (2). 25-38 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Kobayashi, N.: "Nihongo nooryoku no atarashii sokuteehoo" Japanese Language Education around the Globe. 6. 201-218 (1996)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Ford, NJ., Kobayashi, N., & Yamamoto, H.: "Nihongo nooryoku kani shiken (SPOT) wa nani o sokutee shiteiru ka-onsee teepu yooin no kaiseki-" Nihongo kyooiku. 86. 93-102 (1995)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 山元啓史・小林典子: "SPOTテストに関するデータ解析と諸問題" 日本語教育方法研究会誌. 6-1(印刷中). (1999)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] フォード丹羽順子・酒井たか子: "学習時間数による習得度の差-インドネシア語話者及びタイ語話者に対するSPOT" 筑波大学留学生センター日本語教育論集. 14(印刷中). (1999)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 小林 典子: "日本語学習者に対するプレースメントテストとしてのSPOT" 外国語としての日本語能力の測定 国際シンポジウム(筑波大学). 1-7 (1997)

    • Related Report
      1997 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 酒井 たか子: "プレースメントテストで測定する日本語力" 外国語としての日本語能力の測定 国際シンポジウム(筑波大学). 8-17 (1997)

    • Related Report
      1997 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 山元 啓史: "SPOT処理システムとファイルのフォーマット" 外国語としての日本語能力の測定 国際シンポジウム(筑波大学). 18-25 (1997)

    • Related Report
      1997 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 山元 啓史: "測りたかったことと測れなかったこと" 外国語としての日本語能力の測定 国際シンポジウム(筑波大学). 87-91 (1997)

    • Related Report
      1997 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 小林典子、山元啓史、他: "日本語能力の新しい測定法SPOT" 世界の日本語教育. 6. 201-218 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 小林典子、山元啓史、他: "学習者特性別に見たSPOT得点の傾向と考察" 日本科学教育学会年会論文集. 20. 95-96 (1996)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 小林典子、山元啓史、: "日本語能力の測定-学習者特性とSPOT得点の関係" 筑波大学留学生センター日本語教育論集. 12. 125-137 (1997)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report

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Published: 1996-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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