| Research Abstract |
A purpose of my research was general understanding regarding Chinese modern intellectuals. I obtained the following results.
Chinese modern intellectuals were distributed into three groups.
(A) The moderates : They opposed communism and were pro-America.
(B) The Independents : They oriented to reform with peaceful means, as far as possible. They tried to create diplomatic relations with both the US and the USSR.
They admitted the existence of communism and were liberal.
(C) The radicals. They aimed at a violent revolution with the pro-Communists.
They opposed individualism with the pro-Soviet Unions.
In more concrete terms, I analyzed Luo Long-ji at the time of the Nanjin Nationalist Government (1928-37). Then I made the next 2 points obvious, in comparison to members of the National Salvation Association (eadicals).
1. Luo Long-ji was a liberal based on an individualism.
2. The tought of Luo Long-ji sharply contrasted with "political tuttelage" policy of the CMD.
I analyzed Zhang Nai-qi at the time of the Anti-Japanese War (1937-45) and obtained the next two conclusions.
1. A hope of Zhang Nai-qi was to connect directly the individual with the nation. He tried to establish a strong government.
2. However, Zhang Nai-qi thought that the government is necessary for a democratic reformation.
I researched on Shi Fu-liang during the Civil War (1945-49). Simultaneously, I examined a criticism against Shi Fu-liang by Ma Xu-lun and Li Ping-xin. As a result, I understood the next 2 points.
1. Shi Fu-liang was a liberal. He insisted that a criticism against all power is necessary for him.
2. At that time, radicalism got strong in the cities. Chinese liberalism for that reason lost power.
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