| Research Abstract |
With this Study, I researched on German company accounting practices in 19th century. Historical data for this research is approximately 500 German company settlements (from Berlin Sugar Refining Comparny in 1800 to Union Stallion Hoppegrten Company in 1870) and approximately 200 financial statements in those days. Types of industries are (1)railway company (approximately 70 companies), (2)bank (approximately 75 banks), (3)mining company (approximately 100 companies), (4)insurance company (approximately 100 companies), (5)spinning company (approximately 15 companies), (6)gas-lighting company (approximately 20 companies), (7)steamer company (approximately 15 companies), (8)construction company (approximately 20 companies), (9)public benefit company (approximately 20 companies), (10)manufacturing company (approximately 30 companies), and (11)other company (approximately 40 companies). As a result of reserch, it becomes clear that German companies in 19th century calculated its profit and loss as a difference of revenue and expenses (as cach flow) with so-called "profit and loss statement approach". This fact is different from a popular opinion in accounting theory and accounting historical theory (It is said that profit calculation method of companies in the early time was a balance sheet spproach). It is said to that a cash flow calculation in company accounting is developed recently. However, before German company law system was made, cash flow accounting practices and so-called "profit and loss statement approach" were used as accounting customs. I'm making German company settlements and financial statements as internet data for all researchers. (http : //www.doshisha.ac.jp/)
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