| Project/Area Number |
09207105
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas (A)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Research Institution | Keio University |
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Principal Investigator |
HATANO Giyoo Keio University, Department of Literature, Professor, 文学部, 教授 (60049575)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
TAKAHASHI Keiko Seishin Women College, Department of Literature, Professor, 文学部, 教授 (40050786)
SUZUKI Hiroaki Aoyama University, Department of Literature, Assistant Professor, 文学部, 助教授 (50192620)
INAGAKI Kayoko Chiba University, Department of Education, Professor, 教育学部, 教授 (90090290)
WATANABE Shigeru Keio University, Department of Literature, Professor, 文学部, 教授 (30051907)
KOYASU Masuo Kyoto University, Department of Education, Professor, 大学院・教育学研究科, 教授 (70115658)
岡ノ谷 一夫 千葉大学, 文学部, 助教授 (30211121)
友永 雅巳 京都大学, 霊長類研究所, 助教授 (70237139)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1997 – 2000
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2001)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥83,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥83,200,000)
Fiscal Year 2000: ¥19,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥19,800,000)
Fiscal Year 1999: ¥23,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥23,500,000)
Fiscal Year 1998: ¥19,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥19,000,000)
Fiscal Year 1997: ¥20,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥20,900,000)
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| Keywords | Naive Theory / Naive Biology / Naive Physics / Naive Psychology / Concept Change / Comparative Cognition / Frame Theory / 素朴社会学 / ウズラ / チンパンジー / 文化的実践 / 物体・空間認知 / 顔の認知 / 歌の学習 |
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| Research Abstract |
We tentatively formulated naive theories by human infants and young children in four domains (physics, biology, psychology and sociology), constructed and/or selected relevant tasks, and implemented the tasks to children of different ages. In naive physics we found that children have a strong belief in gravity which indicates that an unsupported object falls directly below and thus are puzzled until age two or three when it falls through a tube not just below. In naive biology, we showed that young children understand and memorize animal behaviors by relying on the person analogy ; they spontaneously generate vitalistic explanations for bodily phenomena and assert that vital power taken from food prevents being infected with diseases, enables people to live long, and cures an injury quickly ; and they can differentiate between living things and complex artifacts that apparently moves themselves in terms of internal processes. We also found that even young children can differentiate two psychological states, desire and intention, and that they can readily grasp the basic trade schema of exchanging good with another good or money but reveal various misconceptions beyond this basic naive sociological schema. In general, naive theories develop in domain-specific and unique ways, but sometimes mutually interact.
We also investigated "conceptual" capabilities among non-human animals, especially among primates and birds, by applying tasks used for human infants and toddlers and trying to identify elements of naive theories that can be found or trained among these animals. We observed that some birds, not to mention nonhuman primates, can recognize "essence" beyond perceptual similarities.
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