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Behavioral Science of Formation and Functions of Pseudoscientific Beliefs

Research Project

Project/Area Number 09410033
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field 教育・社会系心理学
Research InstitutionHIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY

Principal Investigator

URA Mitsuhiro  Hiroshima University, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Professor, 総合科学部, 教授 (90231183)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) HAYASHI Mitsuo  Hiroshima University, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Associate Professor, 総合科学部, 助教授 (00238130)
IWANAGA Makoto  Hiroshima University, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Associate Professor, 総合科学部, 助教授 (40203393)
SAKATA Shogo  Hiroshima University, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Associate Professor, 総合科学部, 助教授 (50153888)
SHIMADA Hironori  Niigata University, Faculty of Humanities, Lecturer, 人文学部, 講師 (70284130)
SAKATA Kiriko  Hiroshima University, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Lecturer, 総合科学部, 講師 (00235152)
Project Period (FY) 1997 – 1998
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 1998)
Budget Amount *help
¥9,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥9,000,000)
Fiscal Year 1998: ¥3,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,000,000)
Fiscal Year 1997: ¥6,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,000,000)
Keywordspseudoscientific beliefs / paranormal beliefs / scientific education / behavioral science / physical factors / cognitive factors / social factors / 科学 / 疑似科学 / 入眠時心像 / 脳科学 / 認知的構造化 / 超常現象 / 迷信行動 / 入眠時幻覚
Research Abstract

Six studies were conducted to examine physiological, cognitive, behavioral and social mechanisms of formation and functions of pseudoscientific beliefs, and utility of scientific education for change of the beliefs.
Study 1 revealed that people has general preference of number selection. It was suggested that the preference is formed through communication in social interaction and that this preference of number selection is one primitive type of superstition.
Study 2 aimed to investigate the relationships between hypnagogic imagery and EEG stages. Results of this study showed that the hypnagogic imageries changed from waking daydreams to hypnagogic imageries or NREM sleep dreams as a function of progress of hypnagogic EEG stages.
Study 3 investigated the effects of personal factors on the paranormal beliefs. Results revealed that beliefs in existence of ghost and reincarnation and superstition were mainly effected by external attribution, and that level of anxiety affected only beliefs in … More existences of undefined creatures and cultures.
The purpose of study 4 was to examine effects of social-psychological factors on formation of paranormal belief. Results showed that strength of paranormal belief were positively associated with the acceptance of the phenomena in the interpersonal communication. Beliefs in supernatural power, ghost and reincarnation were also associated with attitude toward science and spirituality.
In study 5, using a longitudinal design, the effect of scientific education on change of paranormal beliefs in kanashibari phenomenon was investigated. Results showed that (1) personal experience of kanashibari was associated with paranormal belief in and desire for scientific clarification of this phenomenon, and (2) scientific education on kanashibari phenomenon had effect on perceived importance of scientific clarification on the phenomenon.
Study 6 investigated the relationship between the pseudoscientific beliefs in latent functions of the brain and the need for cognitive closure. People high in need for closure perceived higher possibility of scientific clarification on paranormal function of the brain than did people low an cognitive closure. But scientific education on functions of the brain weakened the relationship between the need for closure and pseudoscientific belief in the brain. Less

Report

(3 results)
  • 1998 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report Summary
  • 1997 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (21 results)

All Other

All Publications (21 results)

  • [Publications] 坂田省吾: "数字の選択行動に関する行動科学的アプローチ"広島大学総合科学部紀要IV―理系偏. 23. 121-128 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 林 光緒・加藤孝一・堀 忠雄: "脳波段階と入眠時心像の変化"広島大学総合科学部紀要IV―理系偏. 24. 59-73 (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 岩永 誠・坂田桐子: "超常現象に対する肯定的信念の形成に関する研究(1)-個人要因の影響-"広島大学総合科学部紀要IV理系偏. 24. 75-85 (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 坂田桐子・岩永 誠: "超常現象に対する肯定的信念の形成に関する研究(2)-社会・心理的要因の影響を中心に-"広島大学総合科学部紀要IV理系偏. 24. 87-97 (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 坂田桐子・林 光緒: "科学的教育が金縛り現象に関する超常的信念の変容に及ぼす効果"広島大学総合科学部紀要IV理系偏. 25,(印刷中). (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Sakata,S.,Iwanaga,M.Hayashi,M.,Sakata,K.,& Ura,M.: "Effects of ethanol on timing behavior in an interval bisection task in rats."International Journal of Psychophysiology. 30. 123 (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Sakata, S.: "A behavioral approach to the preference on numbers"Science reports (Memoirs of the faculty of integrated arts and science, Hiroshima University). 23. 121-128 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Hayashi, M., Katho, K., and Hori, T.: "Changes of hypnagogic imagery and EEG stages"Science reports (Memoirs of the faculty of integrated arts and science, Hiroshima University). 24. 59-73 (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Iwanaga, M. and Sakata, K.: "Preliminary research on the dominant factors in paranormal beliefs (1) : Effects of personal factors"Science reports (Memoirs of the faculty of integrated arts and science, Hiroshima University). 24. 75-85 (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Sakata, K. and Iwanaga, M.: "Preliminary research on the dominant factors in paranormal beliefs (2) : Effects of social-psychological factors"Science reports (Memoirs of the faculty of integrated arts and science, Hiroshima University). 24. 87-97 (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Sakata, K. and Hayashi, M.: "Effects of the scientific lecture on the change of paranormal beliefs about Kanashibari Phenomenon"Science reports (Memoirs of the faculty of integrated arts and science, Hiroshima University). 25(in printing). (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Sakata, S., Iwanaga, M., Hayashi, M. Sakata, K., & Ura, M.: "1998 Effects of ethanol on timing behavior in an interval bisection task in rats"International Journal of Psychophysiology. 30. 123 (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 林 光緒・加藤孝一・堀忠雄: "脳波段階と入眠時心像の変化" 広島大学総合科学部紀要IV理系編. 24. 59-73 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 岩永 誠・坂田桐子: "超常現象に対する肯定的信念の形成に関する研究(1)-個人要因の影響-" 広島大学総合科学部紀要IV理系編. 24. 75-85 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 坂田桐子・岩永 誠: "超常現象に対する肯定的信念の形成に関する研究(2)-社会・心理的要因の影響を中心に-" 広島大学総合科学部紀要IV理系編. 24. 87-97 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Sakata,S.,Iwanaga,M.,Hayashi,M.,Sakata,K.,Shimada,H.,& Ura,M.: "Effects of ethanol on timing behavior in an interval bisection task in rats." International Journal of Psychophysiology.30. 123 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 道田奈々江・林 光緒・堀 忠雄: "入眠時心像の体験が事象関連電位に及ぼす影響" 脳波と筋電図. 25. 269-275 (1997)

    • Related Report
      1997 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 道田奈々江・林 光緒・堀 忠雄: "視覚的イメージ想起時における事象関連電位" 生理心理学と精神生理学. 15. 61-66 (1997)

    • Related Report
      1997 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Michida,N., Hayashi,M and Hori,T.: "Comparison of ERPs with and without hypnagogic imagery." Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences,. 52. 21-23 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1997 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 林 光緒: "なぜ夢を見るのか" LiSA. 80-82 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1997 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 坂田省吾: "数字の選択行動に関する行動科学的アプローチ" 広島大学総合科学部紀要IV理系編. 23. 121-128 (1997)

    • Related Report
      1997 Annual Research Report

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Published: 1997-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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