The Social Repersentation of "Savant"at the Phase of the Transformation of the Intellectual Field France at the End of the 19th Century

Research Project

Project/Area Number	09610260
Research Category	Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Allocation Type	Single-year Grants
Section	一般
Research Field	Educaion
Research Institution	HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY
Principal Investigator	IKEHATA Jiro Hiroshima University Faculty of Education Professor, 教育学部, 教授 (70033579)
Project Period (FY)	1997 – 1998
Project Status	Completed (Fiscal Year 1998)
Budget Amount *help	¥2,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,500,000) Fiscal Year 1998: ¥1,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000) Fiscal Year 1997: ¥1,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000)
Keywords	Intellectual Field / Social Representation / Scientist / Cultural Legitimacy
Research Abstract	The aim of this paper is to consider the reorganization of the intellectual field in France from 1870s to l89Os, from the viewpoints of the morphological and ideological transformations. As for the morphological transformation, the statistical analysis of the men of the liberal and intellectual professions and the authors clarified : 1. The intellectual field expanded rapidly during the period. 2. The increase of the number of men of letters, journalists, poets, and professors, brought the shift of the leading part of the intellectual field, and, consequently, the conflict between the constituents of the field. All of these made it clear that the intellectual field at that time faced the crisis of growth, of which the rapid increase of the academics was one of the most important factors. As for the ideological transformation, the historical observation of the ideals of the producers of culture revealed the followings 1. The reorganization of the intellectual field required an alternative ideal of the producer of culture. 2. (1) Regarded as the holders of the unique symbolic capital to be created only by the research, savant got hold of the social and political authority besides the general acknowledgment of their cultural legitimacy. (2) The ideal of savant became the frame of reference for all of the constituents of the intellectual field, particularly such figures as men of letters. From these, it is clear that savant came to be the dominant social representation for the intellectual field in due course. Thus academics contributed to the reorganization of the intellectual field through the quantitative expansion of their members and the establishment of the social representation of savant.