| Project/Area Number |
09610382
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
History of Europe and America
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| Research Institution | Tokyo University of Foreign Studies |
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Principal Investigator |
SUZUKI Shigeru Tokyo University of Foreign Studies Faculty of Foreign Studies, Associate Professor, 外国語学部, 助教授 (10162950)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1997 – 1999
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 1999)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,200,000)
Fiscal Year 1999: ¥600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000)
Fiscal Year 1998: ¥600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000)
Fiscal Year 1997: ¥1,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000)
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| Keywords | nationalism / African-Brazilian / Japanese-Brazilian / immigration / official multi-culturalism / race / ethnicity / abolitionism / 人種 / 黒人史 / 日本人移民 / ブラジル / レイシズム / 多文化主義 / 黒人運動 / マイノリティ / 1934年憲法 / 移民制限 / 国民統合 / 日系人 / 黒人 / 混血 |
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| Research Abstract |
In this research project, we investigated the historical backgrounds of so-called "racial and ethnic generosity" of the contemporary Brazilian society which is often considered one of the most generous society in terms of racial and ethnic diversity, as well as self-images and movements for civil rights of the racial and ethnic minorities that have really existed in the Brazilian society. Among others, we picked up two minority groups that can be said have particular characteristics as non-European origin : African-Brazilians and Japanese-Brazilians. And we analyzed mainly these three issues : (1) Ideas and reality of the nationalism reflected in the immigration and labor policies ; (2) Formation of consciousness of racial and ethnic minorities of African- and Japanese-Brazilians and their organization as communities ; (3) Introduction and interpretation of "racial theories" and advent of the idea of "mulatto society". As a result, we revealed the process of introduction and interpretation of racial thoughts (or racialism) in Brazil through Abolitionist movement in the second half of 19th Century and debates on the ways by which "freedmen" would be integrated as citizens into the "national" society of Brazil. On the other hand, we discussed that Vargas's policy of nationalist tendency, that is policy of national integration expressed in such as so-called "2% article" of the Brazilian Constitution of 1934 caused some cleavage between the Japanese residents in Brazil and Japanese authorities over the image of "racial and ethnic generosity", while stimulated formation of Japanese community as new ethnicity in the Brazilian society in that period.
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