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Bribery and Reciprocity in the Classical Antiquity

Research Project

Project/Area Number 09610386
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field History of Europe and America
Research InstitutionOsaka University of Foreign Studies

Principal Investigator

HASHIBA Yuzuru  Osaka University of Foreign Studies, Faculty of Foreign Studies, Associate Professor, 外国語学部, 助教授 (10212135)

Project Period (FY) 1997 – 1999
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 1999)
Budget Amount *help
¥2,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,800,000)
Fiscal Year 1999: ¥500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000)
Fiscal Year 1998: ¥1,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,600,000)
Fiscal Year 1997: ¥700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000)
KeywordsGREECE / ATHENS / DEMOCRACY / BRIBE / GIFT / CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY / BRIBERY / RECITPROCITY / 互酬 / 政治 / ローマ / ペリクレス / アカウンタビリティ / 直接民主主義
Research Abstract

As is generally recognized, the classical Greeks had their own traditional values about gift, according to which reciprocity should play an essential role in forming their social relationships, since the so-called Homeric society. From the private point of view, gift-giving was an important practice, which was sometimes deemed as virtue. But on the other hand, in the public sphere of a polis a gift could easily be converted into bribery, which would awfully injure the common interests. The Greeks therefore had very ambivalent attitudes towards gift and bribery. The main concern of this project is how the Athenians came to terms with, or struggled with, the problem of bribery or gift in the course of the development of the Athenian democracy.
The head investigator suggests that in some way or another they succeeded in integrating the reciprocity principle into the democratic systems such as leitourgia, while preparing strict legal regulations and procedures against bribery on the other hand. There could have been several turning points in the change of their attitudes towards gift and bribery : one of the most important epochs of that sort was the Persian Wars(490-79BC), when the Greeks noticed the dangerous effect of gift brought by the Persians to induce some of them into betrayal. In sum, the Athenian citizens, who had originally had lenient attitudes towards bribery until the end of the sixth century, came to realize by the late fifth that at least some kinds of gift could bring a catastrophic result to their community, and therefore introduced a series of legal regulations to punish them in the form of law and decrees.

Report

(4 results)
  • 1999 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report Summary
  • 1998 Annual Research Report
  • 1997 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (12 results)

All Other

All Publications (12 results)

  • [Publications] 橋場 弦: "民主政の罪と罰-美徳から犯罪へ"岩波講座世界歴史4・地中海世界と古典文明. 4. 191-209 (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1999 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 橋場 弦: "説得と民主政-モノからコトバへ"西洋古典学研究. 47. 122-132 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1999 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] HASHIBA, Yuzuru: "Dokimasia Reconsidered : What was its Purpose?"KOPAI : Journal of Ancient History. 8/9. 1-10 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1999 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 橋場 弦: "丘のうえの民主政:古代アテネの実験"東京大学出版会. 213 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1999 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] HASHIBA,Yuzuru: "Crime and Punishment in Athenian Democracy : From Gift to Bribery"The Mediterranean World and the Classical Civilization, Iwanami Publisher(Tokyo). 191-209 (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1999 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] HASHIBA,Yuzuru: "From Gifts to Words : Persuasion in Athenian Democracy"Journal of Classical Studies(Kyoto). 47. 122-132 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1999 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] HASHIBA,Yuzuru: "Dokimasia Reconsidered : What Was Its Purpose?"KODAI : Journal of Ancient History. 8/9. 1-10 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1999 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] HASHIBA Yuzuru: "Participation and Accountability in Athenian Democracy"University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo. ix+213 (1997)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1999 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 橋場 弦: "説得と民主政-モノからコトバへ-"西洋古典学研究. 47. 122-132 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Hashiba, Yuzuru: "Dokimasia Reconsidered: What Was Its Purpose?"KODAI: Journal of Ancient History. 8/9. 1-10 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 木村凌二: "地中海世界と古典文明:前1500年-後4世紀" 岩波書店, 342 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 橋場 弦: "丘のうえの民主政:古代アテネの実験" 東京大学出版会, 231 (1997)

    • Related Report
      1997 Annual Research Report

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Published: 1997-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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