| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,200,000)
Fiscal Year 1999: ¥700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000)
Fiscal Year 1998: ¥600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000)
Fiscal Year 1997: ¥900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000)
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| Research Abstract |
Europe in Napoleonic era
In 1997 I researched on two states, the Kingdom of Westphalia and Great Duchy of Berg which Napoleon had established artificially at the north-west of Germany in 1807 with the project to introduce of Napoleonic Code and to abolish the serfdom. So, I found that the German legists assembled often over the boundary of states to discuss on its application, though each state set aside more or less of their fervor.
In 1998 I absorbed in the lord' s forced labor, his ground rent, casual dues, the attitude of French rulers in contrast of that of German (ex-prussians) councillors civil servants in Westphalia and Berg toward these issues.
It can be summarized that the former is interested in annihilating these lord' s rights while the latter showed somehow prudence or hesitation to do it.
Following these preceding researches. I bring in focus in 1999 the consciousness in crisis of these French and German functionaries, who, worked under the apparent collaboration, rivaled over sustaining or suppressing lord's prerogatives. Thus, there were reasons why abolition of servage was but partially executed. I can add to explanation above the fact that Napoleon abandoned his project, because he aimed to stay at the similar position to other European monarchs by marrying his leneage with their prince(ss) ; this policy being acconpanied by primogeniture, he must have given up the practice of his Code. It was the same for the lands possessed by imperial nobles. Those lands were (feudalized). Furthermore, there was no doubt that the smoothy levy of serf' s dues was demanded for the preparation of Conquest of Russia.
In the Republic of Italy Napoleonic Code was more easily introduced because of it' s climate of critique of juridics in the 18th Century. There we have civil servant such as Merziwho associated with French reign.
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