| Project/Area Number |
09670415
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
Public health/Health science
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| Research Institution | Toho University |
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Principal Investigator |
SUGITA Minoru Toho University School of Medicine, Professor, 医学部, 教授 (80051845)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
OTAHARA Yumi Toho University School of Medicine, Instructor, 医学部, 助手 (60287498)
IZUNO Takashi Toho University School of Medicine, Associate Professor, 医学部, 助教授 (20213019)
杉田 稔 東邦大学, 医学部, 教授 (80051845)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1997 – 1999
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 1999)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥1,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,800,000)
Fiscal Year 1999: ¥500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000)
Fiscal Year 1998: ¥500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000)
Fiscal Year 1997: ¥800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000)
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| Keywords | Dose-response relationship / Independent variable / Measurement error / Ecologic study / Confounding variable / Safety level / Safety level / epidemiology / dose-response relationship / renal dysfunction / cadmium concentration in rice / error in dose / confounding factor |
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| Research Abstract |
In epidemiologic or experimental studies for dose-response or -effect relationship between toxic factors and biological responses or effects, parameters which express strength of relationship between independent and dependent variables are usually calculated using statistical models without errors in independent variable. When error in independent variable is not small in study based on individual data, obtained parameter using usual statistical model includes bias toward null relationship between independent and dependent variables i.e. under estimate. When the error in independent variable is not large and the magnitude of the error is known, the methods which correct the under estimate of the parameter were developed. Ecologic study based on means of independent and dependent variables in groups are sometimes conducted in order to decrease effect of error in independent variables. It is, however, pointed out that ecologic study is sometimes carried out without due consideration for confounding factors.
In epidemiologic study for dose-response relationship between renal dysfunction as response and cadmium (Cd) intake calculated from Cd concentration in rice (Cd-R) as dose, error of the dose is very large. Therefore, it is impossible to correct the parameter, which express strength of relationship between independent and dependent variables, using usual statistical model without error in independent variable based on individual data. In the epidemiologic study area, ecologic studies for relationship between means of Cd-R and prevalences of renal dysfunction in Cd polluted and control areas can be carried out. The epidemiologic studies were conducted without due consideration for confounding variable which represents the other environmental factors than Cd-R. Therefore environmental safety level of Cd derived from the epidemiologic studies using Cd-R is not adequate.
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