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Studies on chemistry and cycles of halogens in the troposphere

Research Project

Project/Area Number 10144101
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas (A)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Research InstitutionHOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY

Principal Investigator

KAWAMURA Kimitaka  Hokkaido Univ., Inst.of Low Temp.Sci., Prof., 低温科学研究所, 教授 (70201449)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) HIROKAWA Jun  Tokyo Univ., Grad.School of Eng., Lec., 大学院・工学研究科, 講師 (20262115)
YOKOUCHI Yoko  National Inst.of Environ.Sci., Senior Scientist, 主任研究官 (20125230)
TANAKA Shigeru  Keio Univ., Fac.of Sci., Prof., 理工学部, 教授 (10137987)
NAKATSUKA Takeshi  Hokkaido Univ., Inst.of Low Temp.Sci., Asso.Prof., 低温科学研究所, 助教授 (60242880)
大河内 直彦  北海道大学, 低温科学研究所, 助手 (00281832)
Project Period (FY) 1998 – 2000
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2000)
Budget Amount *help
¥126,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥126,600,000)
Fiscal Year 2000: ¥31,700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥31,700,000)
Fiscal Year 1999: ¥33,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥33,600,000)
Fiscal Year 1998: ¥61,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥61,300,000)
KeywordsHalogen / Chlorine / Bromine / Aerosols / Photochemical reaction / Marine atmosphere / Seawater / Troposphere / 対流圏
Research Abstract

In this program, we conducted several projects. They include (l) measurements of inorganic halogens and their atmospheric behaviors, (2) development of halogen measurement and its application to the atmosphere, (3) atmospheric behaviors of halogenated volatile hydrocarbons, (4) halogenated organics in aerosols and analysis of organic aerosols, (5) carbon isotopic analysis of non-methane hydrocarbons, (6) dynamics and interaction of halogens in air/water interface, and (7) formation mechanism and cycles of biogenic halocarbons.
We made a new analytical system to measure hologen gases by using scrubber technique. By using this method, a formation of halogen gases from the sea salt particles was observed. We also observed a decrease in the concentration of Cl^2 and an increase of HCl gas in daytime in the marine atmosphere. A chemical ionization mass spectrometer that was designed for the measurement of Br^2 and Cl^2, has been made in this study. Using this instrument for laboratory experiment, we observed the formation of Br^2 gas on the surface of sea salt particles as a result of Cl uptake. We also confirmed the release of halogen gases from the sea salts by the reaction with ozone. Seawater and air samples collected from the Pacific Ocean were analyzed for holocarbons using a purge and trap GC/mass spectrometry. We found a seasonal change of halogen compounds with maxima in August/September in the western North Pacific. In the marine aerosols, we identified, for the first time, halogenated organic acids and aldehydes, including bromosuccinic and chlorosuccinic acids. The former acid showed higher concentrations in the western North Pacific near Asia continent, whereas the latter increased in the central Pacific. Based on the observations over the Pacific, we proposed a photochemical formation model for the newly rescovered halogenated organic compounds and an evolution model of organic aerosols.

Report

(4 results)
  • 2000 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report Summary
  • 1999 Annual Research Report
  • 1998 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (30 results)

All Other

All Publications (30 results)

  • [Publications] T.Saito: "Distributions of C_2-C_6 hydrocarbons over the western North Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean."Atmospheric Environment. 34. 4373-4381 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2000 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] K.Kawamura: "Total carbon and nitrogen contents and molecular composition of water soluble organic matter in the marine aerosols from western North to tropical Central Pacific."Dynamics and Characterization of Marine Organic Matter (eds. N.Handa, E.Tanoue and T.Hama). 465-484 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2000 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Y.Yokouchi: "A strong source of methyl chloride to the atmosphere from tropical coastal land."Nature. 403. 295-298 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2000 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] K.Kawamura: "Molecular distributions of water soluble dicarboxylic acids in marine aerosols over the Pacific Ocean including tropics."Journal of Geophysical Research. 104. 3501-3509 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2000 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Y.Komazaki: "A New Measurement Method for Nitrogen Oxides in the Air Using an Annular Diffusion Scrubber Coated with Titanium Dioxide and Hydroxyapatite under Ultraviolet Illumination."Atmospheric Environment. 33. 4363-4371 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2000 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] J.Hirokawa: "Heterogeneous processes involving sodium halide particles and ozone : Molecular bromine release in the marine boundary layer in the absence of nitrogen oxide."Geophysical Research Letters. 25. 2449-2452 (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2000 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] T.Saito, Y.Yokouchi and K.Kawamura: "Distributions of C_2-C_6 hydrocarbons over the western North Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean."Atmospheric Environment. 34. 4373-4381 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2000 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] K.Kawamura: "Total carbon and nitrogen contents and molecular composition of water soluble organic matter in the marine aerosols from western North to tropical Central Pacific."Dynamics and Characterization of Marine Organic Matter (eds.N.Handa, E.Tanoue and T.Hama). 465-484 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2000 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Y.Yokouchi, Y.Nojiri, L.A.Barrie, D.Toom-Sauntry, T.Machida, Y.Inuzuka, H.Akimoto, H.-J.Li, Y.Fujinuma and S.Aoki: "A strong source of methyl chloride to the atmosphere from tropical coastal land."Nature. 403. 295-298 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2000 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] K.Kawamura and F.Sakaguchi: "Molecular distributions of water soluble dicarboxylic acids in marine aerosols over the Pacific Ocean including tropics."Journal of Geophysical Research. 104. 3501-3509 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2000 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Y.Komazaki, H.Shimizu and S.Tanaka: "A new measurement method for nitrogen oxides in the air using an annular diffusion scrubber coated with titanium dioxide and hydroxyapatite under ultraviolet illumination."Atmospheric Environment. 33. 4363-4371 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2000 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] J.Hirokawa, K.Onaka, Y.Kajii and H.Akimoto: "Heterogeneous processes involving sodium halide particles and ozone : Molecular bromine release in the marine boundary layer in the absence of nitrogen oxide."Geophysical Research Letters. 25. 2449-2452 (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2000 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] K.Kawamura: "Distributions of low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids and α-dicarbonyls in Greenland ice core : A trend from Little Ice Age to the present (1540 to 1989 A.D.)."Journal of Geophysical Research. 106. 1331-1345 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Saito: "Distributions of C_2-C_6 hydrocarbons over the western North Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean."Atmospheric Environment. 34. 4373-4381 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] S.Matsunaga: "Determination of α-and β-hydroxycarbonyls and dicarbonyls in snow and rain samples by GC/FID and GC/MS employing benzyl hydroxyl oxime derivatization."Analytical Chemistry. 72. 4742-4746 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] H.Yamamoto: "Depth profiles of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in seawater in the Bay of Bengal."Chemosphere.. (印刷中). (2001)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Y.Yokouchi: "Atmospheric methyl iodide : Close correlation with SST and its implications for sources and fluxes."Joumal of Geophysical Research. (印刷中). (2001)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Shigeru Tanaka: "The Atmospheric Environment Problem in East Asia for 21st century."Energy and Environment-Technological Challenges for the Future(Y.H.Mori and K.Ohnishi Eds.). 241-258 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] K.Kawamura: "Molecular distributions of water soluble dicarboxylic acids in marine aerosols over the Pacific Ocean including tropics"Journal of Geophysical Research. 104. 3501-3509 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] K.Kawamura: "Implication of azelaic acid in a Greenland ice core for oceanic and atmospheric change in high latitudes"Geophysical Research Letter. 26. 871-874 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 成川 正広: "東南アジアで採取された粒径別エアロゾル試料中の低分子ジカルボン酸の組成"Researches in Organic Geochemistry. 14. 11-18 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 松永 壮: "室内実験による不飽和脂肪酸からの低分子ジカルボン酸の光化学的生成(予報)"Researches in Organic Geochemistry. 14. 19-26 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] M.Narukawa: "Distribution of dicarboxylic acids and carbon isotopic compositions in aerosols from 1997 Indonesian forest fires"Geophysical Research Letter. 26. 3101-3104 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 今井 美江: "同時採取した降水およびエアロゾル中の低分子ジカルボン酸・ケトカルボン酸・ジカルボニルの分布と経時変化"地球化学. (印刷中). (2000)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] K.Kawamura: "Composition and photochemical transformation of organic aerosols from the Arctic" Global Environmental Research. Vol.2, No.1. 57-67 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 大河内 直彦: "古環境の復元する指標としてのバイオマーカー" 地学雑誌. 107. 189-202 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] K.Kawamura: "Molecular distribution of water soluble dicarboxylic acids in marine aerosols over the Pacific Ocean including tropics" J.Geophys.Res.104. 3501-3509 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] K.Kawamura: "Total carbon and nitrogen contens and molecular composition of watersoluble organic matter in the marine aerosols from western North to tropical Central Pacific" Dynamics and Characterization of Marine Organic Matter. (in press). (1999)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] K.Kawamura: "Implication of azelaic acid in a Greenland ice core for oceanic and atmospheric change in high latitudes" Geophys.Res.Lett.(in press). (1999)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] N.Ohkouchi: "Depth ranges of alkenone production in the Central Pacific Ocean" Global Biogeochemical Cycles. (in press). (1999)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report

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Published: 1998-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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