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Glucose-sensing mechanism in the brain

Research Project

Project/Area Number 10460131
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field Basic veterinary science/Basic zootechnical science
Research InstitutionNagoya University

Principal Investigator

MAEDA Keiichiro  Nagoya University, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, 大学院・生命農学研究科, 助教授 (30181580)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 束村 博子  名古屋大学, 大学院・生命農学研究科, 助教授 (00212051)
Project Period (FY) 1998 – 2001
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2001)
Budget Amount *help
¥13,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,300,000)
Fiscal Year 2001: ¥2,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,500,000)
Fiscal Year 2000: ¥1,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,900,000)
Fiscal Year 1999: ¥3,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,000,000)
Fiscal Year 1998: ¥5,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,900,000)
Keywordsglucose / blood glucose level / intracellular calcium / ependymocyte / medulla oblongata / glucokinase / noradrenergic neuron / serotonergic neuron / ノルアドレナリン作働性神経 / セロトニン作働性神経 / グルコースセンサー / グルコーストランスポーター / 黄体形成ホルモン(LH) / セロトニン / 血管内皮細胞 / 摂食行動 / 黄体形成ホルモン
Research Abstract

Reduction of fertility or reproductive performance under malnutritional conditionsis is one of the major problems in animal production in the world as well as in Japan. Especially, the blockade of ovulation in milking cows with high milk yield or the delay of puberty in domestic animals of developing countries is considered to be caused by the malnutrition. Based on our previous results using fasted rat model, we have proposed that specific energy sensors and pathways in the brain mediate the malnutritional reduction of reproductive axis. We have also proposed that the brain glucose-sensing mechanism consists of ependymocytes and serotonergic neurons which have glucose transporter 2 and glucokinase, key proteins for the glucose-sensing unit in pancreatic B cells. In the present study, we tested if those cells can sense the glucose level using the intracellular calcium concentration as a parameter.
Ependymocytes and serotonergic neurons were isolated from the wall of the central canal and raphe obsculus, respectively. They were incubated in the medium containing either low or high level of glucose and intracellular calcium concentrations were measured using fura-2 and image analysis. Most of the glucokinase-immunoreactive ependymocytes and serotonergic neurons responded to either low or high level of glucose. The intracellular calcium concentration increased after increasing or decreasing the glucose level in the medium. Alloxan, a glucokinase inhibitor, blocked the increase in intracellular calcium concentrations in those cells, suggesting that the cells play a role in sensing the glucose level in the cerebrospinal fluid which may reflect the blood glucose level.

Report

(5 results)
  • 2001 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report Summary
  • 2000 Annual Research Report
  • 1999 Annual Research Report
  • 1998 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (75 results)

All Other

All Publications (75 results)

  • [Publications] Tsukahara, S.: "Effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone antagonist on oestrogen-dependent glucoprivic suppression of luteinizing hormone secretion in female rats"Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 11. 101-105 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Tsukahara, S.: "Morphological characterization of relationship between gap junctions and gonadotropin-releasing hormone nerve terminals in the rat median eminece"Neuroscience Letters. 261. 105-108 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Maekawa, F.: "Prevention of inhibitory effect of dorsal raphe nucleus lesioins on ovulation and LH surge by 5-HT 2A/2C receptor agonists in female rats"Neuroscience Research. 35. 291-298 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Maekawa, F.: "Localization of glucokinase-like immunoreactivity in the rat lower brainstem : A possibility to the brain glucose-sensing mechanism"Endocrinology. 141. 375-384 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Bucholtz, D.: "Regulation of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion by insulin in developing diabetic sheep"Biology of Reproduction. 62. 1248-1255 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Tanaka, T.: "Central action of insulin regulates pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in the diabetic sheep"Biology of Reproduction. 62. 1256-1261 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Reyes, B.A.S.: "Effect of fasting on c-fos expression in the hypothalamic nuclei and nucleus of the solitary tract in male rats : Time course study and the role of testosterone"Journal of Reproduction and Development. 47. 53-62 (2001)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Reyes, B.A.S.: "Glucoprivation increases estrogen receptor α immunoreactivity in the brain catecholaminergic neurons in ovariectomized rats"Neurosicience Letters. 299. 109-112 (2001)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Maeda, K.-I.: "Handbook of Experimental Animals, The Laboratory Rat"Academic Press. 756 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Ohkura, S.: "Handbook of Experimental Animals, The Laboratory Rat"Academic Press. 756 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Tsukamura, H.: "Neuroplasticity Development & Steroid Hormone Action"CRC Press. 405 (2001)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Tsukamura, H.: "Progress in Brain Research"Elsevier. 365 (2001)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Tsukhara, S., Tsukamura, H.,Foster, D.L. and Maeda, K.-I: "Effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone antagonist on oestrogen-dependent glucoprivic suppression of luteinizing hormone secretion in female rats"Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 11. 101-105 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Tsukahara, S., Maekawa, F., Tsukamura, H., Hirunagi, K. andMaeda, K.-I: "(1999) Morphological characterization of relationship between gap junctions and gonadotropin-releasing hormone nerve terminals in the rat median eminence"Neurosicience Letters. 261. 105-108 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Maekawa, F., Tsukahara, S., Tsukamura, H., Maeda, K.-I. and Yamanouchi, K: "Prevention or inhibitory effect of dorsal raphe nucleus lesioins on ovulation and LH surge by 5-HT 2A/2C receptor agonists in female rats"Neuroscience Research. 35. 291-298 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Maekawa, F., Toyoda, Y., Torii, N., Miwa, I., Thompson, R.C., Foster, D.L.Tsukahara, S., Tsukamura, H. and Maeda, K.-I: "Localization of pancreatic glucokinase-like immunoreactivity in the rat lower brainstem : A possibility to the brain glucose-sensing mechanism"Endocrinology. 141. 375-384 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Bucholtz, D., Chiesa, A., Pappano, W. Nagatani, S., Tsukamura, H., Maeda. K.-I. and Foster, D.L.: "Regulation of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion by insulin in developing diabetic sheep"Biology of Reproduction. 62. 1248-1255 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Tanaka, T., Nagatani, S., Bucholtz, D.B., Ohkura, S., Tsukamura, H., Maeda,K.-I. and Foster, D.L.: "(2000) Central action of insulin regulates pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in the diabetic sheep"Biology of Reproduction. 62. 1256-1261 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Tsukamura, H. Tsukahara, S., Maekawa, F. Moriyama, R., Reyes, B.A.S., Sakai, T. , Niwa, Y., Foster, D.L. and Maeda, K.-I: "Peripheral or central administration of motilin suppresses LH release in female rats : a novel role for motilin"Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 12. 403-408 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Tsukamura, H., Thompson, R.C., Tsukahara, S., Ohkura. S. Maekawa. F., Moriyama, R., Niwa, Y., Foster, D.L. and Maeda, K.-I.: "fntracerebroventricular administration of melanin-concentrating hormone suppresses pulsatile luteinizing hormone release in the female rat"Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 12. 529-534 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Ichihara, G., Yu, X., Kitoh, J., Asaeda, N., Kumazawa, T.( Iwai, H., Shibata, E., Yamada, T., Wang, H., Wie, Z., Maeda, K.-I., Tsukamura, H. and Takeuchi, Y.: "Reproductive toxicity of 1-bromopropane, a newly introduced alternative to ozone-layer depleting solvents, in male rats"Toxicological Sciences. 54. 416-423 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Tsukamura, H., Yamada, S. and Maeda, K.-I.: "Fasting-induced changes in pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in male rats : the role of testosterone and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus"Journal of Reproduction and Development. 46. 227-234 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Reyes, B.A.S., Yamada, S. Estacio, M.A.C. Maeda, K.-I. and Tsukamura, W.: "Effect of fasting on c-fos expression in the hypothalamic nuclei and nucleus of the solitary tract in male rats : Time course study and the role of testosterone"Journal of Reproduction and Development. 47. 53-62 (2001)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Reyes, B.A.S., Yamada, S. Estacio, M.A.C. I'Anson, H., Tsukamura, H. and Maeda, K.-I.: "Glucoprivation increases estrogen receptor α immunoreactivity in the brain catecholaminergic neurons in ovariectomized rats"Neuroscience Letters. 299. 109-112 (2001)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Tsukamura. H. and Maeda, K.-I.: "Non-metabolic and metabolic factors causing the lactational anestrus : rat models uncovering the neuroendocrine mechanism underlying the suckling-induced changes in the mother"Progress in Brain Research. 133, Elsevier. 187-205 (2001)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Tsukamura, H., Estacio, M.A.C., Reyes, B.A.S. and Maeda, K.-I.: "Novel Estrogen Feedback Associated with Fasting-Induced Suppression of Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in Female Rats"Neuroplasticity Development & Steroid Hormone Action. 221-232 (2001)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Maeda, K.-I, Ohkura, S. and Tsukamura, H.: "Physiology of Reproduction"Handbook of Experimental Animals, The Laboratory Rat.. 145-176 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Ohkura, S., Maeda, K.-I. and Tsukamura, H.: "Endocrinology"Handbook of Experimental Animals, The Laboratory Rat.. 401-418 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Tsukahara, S.: "Effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone antagonist on oestrogen-dependent glucoprivic suppression of luteinizing hormone secretion in female rats"Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 11. 101-105 (1999)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tsukahara, S.: "Morphological characterization of relationship between gap junctions and gonadotropin-releasing hormone nerve terminals in the rat median eminence"Neurosicience Letters. 261. 105-108 (1999)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Maekawa, F.: "Prevention of inhibitory effect of dorsal raphe nucleus lesioins on ovulation and LH surge by 5-HT 2A/2C receptor agonists in female rats"Neuroscience Research. 35. 291-298 (1999)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Maekawa, F.: "Localization of glucokinase-like immunoreactivity in the rat lower brainstem : A possibility to the brain glucose-sensing mechanism"Endocrinology. 141. 375-384 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Bucholtz, D.: "Regulation of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion by insulin in developing diabetic sheep"Biology of Reproduction. 62. 1248-1255 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tanaka, T.: "Central action of insulin regulates pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in the diabetic sheep"Biology of Reproduction. 62. 1256-1261 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Reyes, B.A.S.: "Effect of fasting on c-fos expression in the hypothalamic nuclei and nucleus of the solitary tract in male rats : Time course study and the role of testosterone"Journal of Reproduction and Development. 47. 53-62 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Reyes, B.A.S.: "Glucoprivation increases estrogen receptor α immunoreactivity in the brain catecholaminergic neurons in ovariectomized rats"Neurosicience Letters. 299. 109-112 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Maeda, K.-I.: "Handbook of Experimental Animals, The Laboratory Rat"Academic Press. 756 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Ohkura, S.: "Handbook of Experimental Animals, The Laboratory Rat"Academic Press. 756 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tsukamura, H.: "Neuroplasticity Development & Steroid Hormone Action"CRC Press. 405 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tsukamura, H.: "Progress in Brain Research"Elsevier. 365 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tsukahara,S.: "Effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone antagonist on oestrogen-dependent glucoprivic suppression of luteinizing hormone secretion in female rats."Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 11. 101-105 (1999)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tsukahara,S.: "Morphological characterization of relationship between gap junctions and gonadotropin-releasing hormone nerve terminals in the rat median eminence."Neurosicience Letters. 261. 105-108 (1999)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Maekawa,F.: "Prevention of inhibitory effect of dorsal raphe nucleus lesioins on ovulation and LH surge by 5-HT 2A/2C receptor agonists in female rats."Neuroscience Research. 35. 291-298 (1999)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Maekawa,F.: "Localization of glucokinase-like immunoreactivity in the rat lower brainstem : A possibility to the brain glucose-sensing mechanism."Endocrinology. 141. 375-384 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Bucholtz,D.: "Regulation of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion by insulin in developing diabetic sheep."Biology of Reproduction. 62. 1248-1255 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tanaka,T.: "Central action of insulin regulates pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in the diabetic sheep."Biology of Reproduction. 62. 1256-1261 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tsukamura,H.: "Peripheral or central administration of motilin suppresses LH release in female rats : a novel role for motilin."Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 12. 403-408 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tsukamura,H.: "Intracerebroventricular administration of melanin-concentrating hormone suppresses pulsatile luteinizing hormone release in the female rat."Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 12. 529-534 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Ichihara,G.: "Reproductive toxicity of 1-bromopropane, a newly introduced alternative to ozone-layer depleting solvents, in male rats."Toxicological Sciences. 54. 416-423 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tsukamura,H.: "Fasting-induced changes in pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in male rats : the role of testosterone and the hypothalamic paraventricularnudeus."Journal of Reproduction and Development. 46. 227-234 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Ohkura,S.: "Central, but not peripheral, glucose-sensing mechanisms mediate glucoprivic suppression of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in sheep."Endocrinology. 141. 4472-4480 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Reyes,B.A.S.: "Effect of fasting on c-fos expression in the hypothalamic nuclei and nucleus ot the solitary tract in male rats : Time course study and the role of testosterone."Journal of Reproduction and Development. 47. 53-62 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Reyes,B.A.S.: "Glucoprivation increases estrogen receptor-immunoreactivity in the brain catecholaminergic neurons in ovariectomized rats."Neuroscience Letters. 299. 109-112 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tsukamura.H.: "Non-metabolic and metabolic factors causing the lactational anestrus : rat models uncovering the neuroendocrine mechanism underlying the suckling-induced changes in the mother."Progress in Brain Research. (印刷中). (2001)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Maeda,K.-I.: "Handbook of Experimental Animals, The Laboratory Rat"Academic Press. 756 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Ohkura,S.: "Handbook of Experimental Animals, The Laboratory Rat"Academic Press. 756 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 束村博子: "からだの中からストレスをみる"学会出版センター. 212 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tsukamura,H.: "Neuroplasticity Development & Steroid Hormone Action"CRC Press(印刷中). (2001)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tsukahara,S.: "Effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone antagonist on oestrogen-dependent glucoprivic suppression of luteinizing hormone secretion in female rats."Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 11. 101-105 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tsukahara, S.: "Morphological characterization of relationship between gap junctions and gonadotropin-releasing hormone nerve terminals in the rat. median eminence."Neurosicience Letters. 261. 105-108 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Maekawa, F.: "Localization of pancreatic glucokinase-like immunoreactivity in the rat lower brainstem: A possibility to the brain glucose-sensing mechanism."Endocrinology. 141. 375-384 (2000)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Maekawa,F.: "Prevention of inhibitory effect of dorsal raphe nucleus lesioins on ovulation and LH surge by 5-HT 2A/2C receptor agonists in female rats."Neuroscience Research. 291-298 (2000)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tsukamura, H.: "Peripheral or central administration of motilin suppresses LH release in female rats: a novel role for motilin."Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 12(印刷中). (2000)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tsukamura, H.: "Intracerebroventricular administration of melanin-concentrating hormone suppresses pulsatile luteinizing hormone release in the female rat."Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 12(印刷中). (2000)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Maeda,K.-I.: "The Digital Handbook of Experimental Animals: The Raboratory Rat"Academic Press (印刷中). (2000)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tsukamura, H.: "Progress in Brain Research"Elsevier (印刷中). (2000)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Kawakami,Shinichi: "Evidence for terminal regulation of GnRH release by excitatory amino acids in the median eminence in female rats:A dual immunoelectron microscopic study." Endocrinology. 139. 1458-1461 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Kawakami,Shinichi: "Glial and neuronal localization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in the median eminence of female rats." Brain Research. 789. 322-326 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Kawakami,Shinichi: "Excitatory Amino Acids Act on the Median Eminence Nerve Terminals to Induce Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone(GnRH)Release in Female Rats." General and Comparative Endocrinology. 112. 372-382 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Nagatani,Shoji: "Evidence for GnRH regulation by Leptin:Leptin administration prevents reduced pulsatile LH during fasting." Neuroendocrinology. 67. 370-376 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Medina,Chris L.: "Energetic dependency of the LH surge system in the female sheep." Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 10. 785-792 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tsukahara,Shinji: "Estrogen modulates effects of glutamate on in vitro gonadotropin-releasing hormone release by altering nitric oxide action in female rats." Journal of Reproduction and Development. 44. 399-405 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tsukahara,Shinji: "Effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone antagonist on oestrogen-dependent glucoprivic suppression of luteinizing hormone secretion in female rats." Journal of Neuroendocrinology. 2. 101-105 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tsukahara,Shinji: "Morphological characterization of relationship between gap junctions and gonadotropin-releasing hormone nerve terminals in the rat median eminence." Neuroscience Letters. (in press). (1999)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Maeda,Kei-ichiro: "The Digital Handbook of Experimental Animals:The Rat" Academic Press (in press), (1999)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report

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Published: 1998-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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