| Project/Area Number |
10610072
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
実験系心理学
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| Research Institution | KYOTO UNIVERSITY |
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Principal Investigator |
FUJITA Kazuo Kyoto University, Graduate School of Letters, Professor, 大学院・文学研究科, 教授 (80183101)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1998 – 2000
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2000)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000)
Fiscal Year 2000: ¥800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000)
Fiscal Year 1999: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000)
Fiscal Year 1998: ¥1,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,400,000)
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| Keywords | perceptual completion / tufted capuchin monkeys / pigeons / perception of object unity / the Gestalt principles / macaque monkeys / perceptual constraints / comparative cognition / ギニアヒヒ / 顔認識 / 見本合わせ課題 / 境界知覚 / 霊長類 / 類人猿 |
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| Research Abstract |
Human infants recognize unity of two objects moving together behind an occluder (perception of object unity). Such perception shows that humans recognize external objects using some perceptual hypotheses. The purpose of this project was to study the evolution of such perceptual constraints. We experimentally analyzed the process of perceptual completion in nonhuman primates and birds. Major findings are as follows. Tufted capuchin monkeys were trained to match an intact diagonal rod, dissected rods, and unitary rods having irregular contour at their centers. Then the subjects were tested which they would match to the stimuli having their central portions occluded by a horizontal belt. Regardless of whether the sample stimuli moved horizontally behind the occluder or stayed stationary, the monkeys overwhelmingly matched these test stimuli to the intact, straight rod. Thus the monkeys completed the occluded portion in a straight contour. When two rods were placed to form a right-angle bracket (>), the subjects also matched them to the connected rod. When the two rods were placed parallel to each other, however, the subjects matched them to the disconnected rods. Thus the monkeys recognized the unity of the occluded two fragments based on whether the two portions were connective or not. Ongoing study shows that when the contour of the rods is zigzag, the monkeys tend to complete the invisible portions in zigzag lines. The process of perceptual completion seems to follow the Gestalt principles of good shape and/or regularity, like human adults. On the other hand, pigeons never showed evidence for perceptual completion in similar situations. Pigeons may have evolved with a visual information processing algorythm that is completely different from humans'. We are now testing pigeons using pictures of food. Other species having different food habits are also being tested. Developmental study of macaque monkeys reached no good conclusion.
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