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Basic Study on the Policies of the Kamakura Shogunate toward Religion

Research Project

Project/Area Number 10610326
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field Japanese history
Research InstitutionOsaka University

Principal Investigator

TAIRA Masayuki  Osaka University, Graduate School of Letters, Prof., 文学研究科, 教授 (10171399)

Project Period (FY) 1998 – 2001
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2001)
Budget Amount *help
¥3,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,100,000)
Fiscal Year 2001: ¥500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000)
Fiscal Year 2000: ¥500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000)
Fiscal Year 1999: ¥900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000)
Fiscal Year 1998: ¥1,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000)
KeywordsThe Kamakura Shogunate / Temple-Shrine Power complexes / Kenmitsu Taisei Theory / Kenmon Taisei Theory / Enryakuji / Turugaoka-hachimangu / the Exoteric-esoteric Schools / the Zen and Ritsu Schools / 東寺長者 / 天台座主 / 宮騒動 / 北条時頼 / モンゴル襲来 / 園城寺長吏 / 宗教政策 / 九条頼経 / 北条得宗 / 鎌倉山門派 / 源恵 / 勝長寿院 / 幕府僧 / 青蓮院門跡 / 将軍護持僧 / 定豪 / 仁和寺御室
Research Abstract

In an effort to understand the policies of the Kamakura shogunate toward religion, this study produced a database of references in primary historical sources to investigate the career of each of the Buddhist monks active in Kamakura. The results clarified the trends among monks of Hojo descent as well as the character of the careers of shogunal monks in their hierarchical relationship with the Kamakura shogunate and their related movement into Kyoto.
First, fifty-eight monks of Hojo descent were examined. Among those of which the sectarian affiliation could be determined, fourteen were of Shingon, twenty-four were of Onjoji, eight were of Mount Hiei, and three were of Zen. This study established that claims commonly still made that the shogunate took an antagonistic stance toward Enryakuji are inaccurate.
Next, an investigation was made of the examples of shogunal monks who took over the leading positions in powerful temples of the capital area. Although there were no examples during the … More era of the Minamoto shoguns ( 1180-1219), with the era of the shogan Kujo Yoritsune (1219-1246) and the context of the flourishing of the Buddhist world of the Eastern region, shogunal monks regularly became abbots of Toji and of other powerful temples of Shingon. However, during the era of the shogunal regents Hojo Tokiyori and Tokimune (1246-1284), the regular succession of shogunal monies to abbacies of powerful temples in the capital era came to a complete halt. The reason for this change was the conflict between the shogun and Tokimune, which caused a loss in shogunal power. Moreover, together with the regent Tokiyori's banishing of the guardian monks of the shogun, the policy of the shogunate toward religion suddenly changed., and monks of the Zen and Ritsu schools were now patronized more than monks of the exoteric-esoteric schools.
However, with the era of the regents Hojo Sadatoki and Takatokj ( 1284-1333 ) , shogunal monks acquired abbacies in Onjoji (chori), Enryakuji (Tendai zasu) , and Toji (choja) - all of the most powerful temples of the capital area. The reason for this change was the attack by the Mongols; the shogunate actively sent shogunal monks to the powerful temples of the capital area in an effort to construct a system of ritual prayer against the Mongol threat.
In this way, the policies of the Kamakura shogunate toward religion changed dramatically during the eras of the regents Tokiyori and Sadatoki. Until now, we historians have overlooked the shift. Thus, my study surely will have a great impact on not only the analysis of the shogunate's policies toward religion but also on theories concerning the Kamakura shogunate as such. Less

Report

(5 results)
  • 2001 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report Summary
  • 2000 Annual Research Report
  • 1999 Annual Research Report
  • 1998 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (14 results)

All Other

All Publications (14 results)

  • [Publications] 平 雅行: "定豪と鎌倉幕府"日本中世の社会と国家(清文堂). 427-444 (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 平 雅行: "将軍九条頼経時代の鎌倉の山門僧"日本仏教の史的展開(塙書房). 283-299 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 平 雅行: "鎌倉山門派の成立と展開"大阪大学文学研究科紀要. 40. 41-151 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 平 雅行: "鎌倉における顕密仏教の展開"伊藤唯真先生古稀記念論集. (予定). (2002)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Taira Masayuki: "A Buddhist monk Jogo and the Kamakura Shogunate"Social and State in Ancient and Medieval Period, Seibundo. 427-444 (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Taira Msayuki: "On the Sanmon School in Kamakura during the era of the shogan Kujo Yoritsune"The Historical Development of Buddhism in Japan, Hanawa-shobo. 283-299 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Taira Masayiiki: "The Development of the Sanmon School in Kamakura"Memoirs of The Graduate School of Letters Osaka University. 40. 41-151 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Taira Masayuki: "The Development of the Exoteric-esoteric Schools in Kamakura"Collected Papers in Honor of the Seventieth Birthday of Professor ITO Yuishin, Hozokan. (2002)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 平 雅行: "鎌倉における顕密仏教の展開"伊藤唯真先生古稀記念論集(法蔵館). (9月刊行予定). (2002)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 平雅行: "日本の肉食慣行と肉食禁忌"『アイデンティティ・周縁・媒介』(吉川弘文館). 146-162 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 平 雅行: "将軍九条頼経時代の鎌倉の山門僧"『日本仏教の史的展開』(塙書房). 283-299 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 平 雅行: "鎌倉山門派の成立と展開"大阪大学文学部紀要. 40巻. 41-151 (2000)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 平 雅行: "定豪と鎌倉幕府" 『古代中世の社会と国家』(清文堂). 427-444 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 平 雅行: "将軍九条頼経時代の鎌倉の山門僧" 『日本仏教の史的展開』(塙書房). (5月刊行予定). 285-301 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report

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Published: 1998-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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