| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,500,000)
Fiscal Year 2001: ¥500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000)
Fiscal Year 2000: ¥500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000)
Fiscal Year 1999: ¥500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000)
Fiscal Year 1998: ¥1,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000)
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| Research Abstract |
Through this survey I have tried to clarify the historical process and meanings of Ttransition from Landstaende, Local Estates Assembly, consisted of mainly three Estates, that is Clericals, Aristocracies and Citizens (in Tirol added by Farmers) to Nationalrat (National Assembly) at the time of Austrian March Revolution 1848 in Wien, Budapest, Prague and Milano. From the view points of Jacobins, Austrian Bourgeois Revolution means nothing because of its breakdown. But I have paied Special Attention to many important reform plans of local estates assembly, especially Lower Austria and Styria. Before Erzherzog Johann convened the first National Assembly at the Royal Spanish Horse Riding School and the representatives launched Disputes on the Austrian Constitution, liberal aristocrates and clericals and of course Citizens of all over Austria, Hungary and Czech land had begun disputes to reform the framework of Austrian Empire under the Rule of Hapsburger Monarch. Focus of Controvercies lies in the new role and position of former local estates assembly and its local rights of Autonomy, which has been explained only as feudal privileges in the Case of French Revolution or English bourgeois revolution.
As J.A. Schumpeter once metioned, the role of local estates assembly was very important in Austria as the carrier the spirit and framework of European Regionalism, which now reshaping its framework of EU after the treaty of Maastricht 1992. In spite of the breakdown of Ausrian bourgeois revolution, on the bases of reform efforts emerged Feburary Constitutional System 1860 and the Compromise with the Independent Hungarian Nation State 1867.
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