| Budget Amount *help |
¥1,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,800,000)
Fiscal Year 2000: ¥300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 1999: ¥700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000)
Fiscal Year 1998: ¥800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000)
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| Research Abstract |
Study of Development of Conjugational Systems, Volitional and Conjectural Forms, and Conjunctive Forms by analyzing Language Maps in the Grammar Atlas Of Japanese Dialect
1. Study of Conjugational Systems
It is clear that the nine conjugational types in ancient time changed to five today in standard Japanese. But in the field of dialects, there are six conjugational types in the Chugoku area and nine in the Kyusyu Area. In Chugoku old N-irregular type (Na-hen verb) is still preserved. In Kyusyu the nine ancient types are still preserved in some districts, but some innovations based on unique aspects of the dialects are found in other districts.
2. Volitional and Conjectural Forms
There are auxiliary verbs "u/yo-u" in the cental Japan and "uzu" and "bei" in eastern parts ; on the other hand, "-yuu/-yoo" are used in the western areas of the language maps. Based on an analysis of those maps and old literatures, one can see a change n the form of "bei→ uzu →-yuu→-yoo→yo-u/u in volitional forms, and "beiu→ -uze →-yuu→-yoo→yo-u/u→--da/dja/ya+roo" in conjectural forms.
3. Conjunctive Forms Expressing Reason
There are "sakai" and "yotte" forms in the central Japan and "kara" in the east ; on the other hand, "ken/keni/kind" forms are found in the western areas. Based on an analysis of those maps and old literatures, one can see a change in the form of "kara" → "ni" → "de" →yotte" → "sakai"
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