| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,200,000)
Fiscal Year 1999: ¥500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000)
Fiscal Year 1998: ¥1,700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,700,000)
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| Research Abstract |
The "Sachunterricht" is established as an integrated teaching across multiple subjected in German elementary school, and settled as a main subject for the environmental education. Since a decision of congress conducted by the German Federal Minister of Education (1980), the environmental education has been regarded as the principle of teaching excelled any subject. It is worth notice that the positive action of pupils is fixed as important in the education and also that the education is introduced as necessary into teachers' in-service training.
The personal and material preparation for the environmental education has been recently pushed forward, for example, introduction of a standpoint of the education into the main point of school guidance and teachers' pre-service training, and further cooperation of extramural specialists. However, its practice has been not always in state of satisfaction. The school garden and biotope are not enough utilized. The report of investigation concerning the education shows definitely that the natural scientific subjects have been much emphasized at the first stage. Then, the education has been exceedingly improved in quality, by means of multiple consideration across subjects, active practice and others. These improvements has developed later to establishment the "Sachunterricht."
In German elementary school, even the pupils are requested to pay much attention to the environment, to study how to meet some problems, and to act on their own responsibility. To comply with the recommendation to be in close contact with the environment, both pre-service and in-service training are essential to the teacher side, based mainly on ecological study in wide sense.
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