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モルモット単離小脳を用いたin vitro学習系の開発

Research Project

Project/Area Number 10877356
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Exploratory Research

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Research Field Physical pharmacy
Research InstitutionThe University of Tokyo

Principal Investigator

桐野 豊  東京大学, 大学院・薬学系研究科, 教授 (10012668)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 川原 茂敬  東京大学, 大学院・薬学系研究科, 助手 (10204752)
Project Period (FY) 1998 – 1999
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 1999)
Budget Amount *help
¥2,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,000,000)
Fiscal Year 1999: ¥700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000)
Fiscal Year 1998: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000)
Keywords瞬目反射 / 古典的条件付け / 学習 / モルモット / 小脳 / 海馬 / 除脳 / 単離脳
Research Abstract

学習記憶の神経回路メカニズムを明らかにする研究の一環として、除脳標本を用いた実験系を開発した。瞬目反射条件付けは音を条件刺激(CS)とし、眼瞼刺激を無条件刺激(US)とするパブロフ型条件付けであり、音のみで瞼を閉じる(CR)ようになる。この学習には小脳および脳幹が必須であることが知られている。
1.除脳標本の作成 モルモットをイソフルラン吸入麻酔下に、片側総頚動脈の結索・気管カニューレの挿入を行った。その後、大脳皮質および海馬を吸引除去して脳幹部を露出し、スパーテルにより視床と上丘を離断し、間脳および大脳をすべて吸引除去した。麻酔停止2時間後より条件付けを開始した。
2.遅延課題による条件づけ まず、Interstimulus interval(ISI)が250msの標準的な遅延課題で条件付けを行ったところ、約300回で学習率(CR%)が80%に達した。CRの出現するタイミングはUSの直前であり、CSの意味とともにタイミングも正しく学習されることが明らかとなった。また、ISIが400msの遅延課題も学習することが可能であり、約400回でCR%が80%に達した。この実験系の確立により、ISIの異なる場合にタイミングがどこで学習されるか、また、意味の学習とタイミングの学習のメカニズムの相違を神経回路レベルで検討することが可能になった。
3.トレース課題による条件付け 次に、CSとUSが時間的に離れているトレース課題を行った。この課題はトレース間隔(TI)が長い場合(>500ms)、ウサギでは海馬の損傷により学習が顕著に傷害を受ける。除脳モルモットに対しTIが100-500msの条件付けを行うと、TIが長くなるに連れ学習速度は顕著に減少したが、500msにおいても学習する場合が認められた。このことはトレース課題の基本回路も小脳-脳幹にあることを示唆している。

Report

(2 results)
  • 1999 Annual Research Report
  • 1998 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (32 results)

All Other

All Publications (32 results)

  • [Publications] Susumu Tomita: "Interaction of a Neuron-specific Protein Containing PDZ Domains with Alzheimer's Amyloid Precursor Protein"J. Biol. Chem.. 274. 2243-2254 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Kanae Ando: "Role of Phosphorylation of Alzheimer's Amyloid Precursor Protein during Neuronal Differentiation"J. Neurosci.. 19. 4421-4427 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Satoshi Watanabe: "Glutamate Induces Cl^- and K^+ Currents in the Olfactory Interneurons of a Terrestrial Slug"J. Comp. Physiol. A. 184. 553-562 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 渡辺 恵: "ナメクジの嗅覚-味覚連合学習(シリーズ 学習・記憶の生物物理学)"放射線科学. 42. 26-34 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 川原茂敬: "瞬目反射条件付けと小脳・海馬(シリーズ 学習・記憶の生物物理学)"放射線科学. 42. 252-259 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 川原茂敬: "遺伝子変異マウスの瞬目反射条件付け(特集号「脳・神経研究の最先端-その発生機構から高次脳機能まで」)"実験医学増刊. 17(16). 153-158 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 渡辺 恵: "ナメクジにおける嗅覚-味覚連合学習(特集号「神経回路形成と機能発達」)"蛋白質核酸酵素. 45. 380-386 (2000)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 桐野 豊 編著: "基礎薬学・物理化学 スタディガイド"廣川書店. 219 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 桐野 豊 編著: "基礎薬学・物理化学(改訂版)"廣川書店. 460 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 桐野 豊 編著: "生命薬学シリーズ・物理化学(上)"共立出版. 217 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 桐野 豊 編著: "生命薬学シリーズ・物理化学(下)"共立出版. 250 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 渡辺 恵、桐野 豊: "無脊椎動物の脳の働き「脳研究への招待」(小幡邦彦 編)"共立出版. ((印刷中))

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Ko-ichi Iijima: "Phosphorylated Form of Alzheimer's Amyloid Precursor Protein Exists in Cholinergic Nerve T ermini from Electric Ray Electric Organ" Biochem.J.330. 29-33 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Susumu Tomita: "Cleavage of Alzheimer's Amyloid Precursor Protein by Secretases Occure after O-glycosyla-tion of APP in Protein Secretory Pathway" J.Biol.Chem.273. 6277-6284 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Hirotasu Kojima: "Development of a Fluorescent Indicator for Nitric Oxide Based on the Fluorescein Chromophore" Chem. Pharm. bull.46. 373-375 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Yasushi Satoh: "Lambert-Eaton Syndrome Antibodies Inhibit Acetylcholine Release and P/Q-type Ca^<2+> Channels in Electric Ray Nerve Endings" J.Physiol.508. 427-438 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tetsuya Kimura: "Behavioral Modulation Indced by Food-Odor Aversive Conditioning,and Its Influence on the Olfactory Responses of an Oscillatory Brain Network in the Slug,Limax marginatus" Learning and Memory. 4. 365-375 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tetsuya Kimura: "Optical Recording Analysis of Olfactory Response of the PC Lobe in the Slug Brain" Learning and Memory. 4. 389-400 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Satoshi Watanabe: "Morphological Characterization of the Bursting and Nonbursting Neurons in the Olfactory Center of the Terrestrial Slug Limax marginatus" J.Exp.Biol.201. 925-930 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Yong I.Kim: "An Autoimmune Animal Model of the Lambert-Eaton Syndrom" Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci. 841. 670-676 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Shigeo Watanabe: "Differential Roles of Two Types of Voltage-gated Ca^<2+> Channels in the Dendrites of Rat Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons" Brain Res.791. 43-55 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Susumu Tomita: "A Basic Amino Acid in the Cytopolasmic Domain of Altzheimer's β-Amyloid Precursor Protein(APP)Is Essential for Cleavage of APP at the α-site" J.Biol.Chem.273. 19304-19310 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Hirotatsu Kojima: "Detection and Imaging of Nitric Oxide with Novel Fluorescent Indicators:Diaminofluoresceins" Anal.Chem.70. 2446-2453 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 桐野 豊: "学習記憶研究の戦略" 放射線医学. 38. 174-177 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Dong-Seok Lee: "Phospholipid Translocation from Outer to Inner Leafled of Synaptic Vescle membranes Isolated from the Electric Organ of Japanese Electric Ray Narke japonica" J.Biochem.124. 798-803 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Tsuyoshi Inoue: "Selective Optical Recording of the Neural Activity in the Olfactory Center of Land Slug Using a Calcium Indicator Dye" Bioimages. 6. 59-67 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Azusa Nakagawa-Inoue: "Odorant-evoked Increase Cytosolic Free Calcium in Cultured Anntenal Neurons of Blowflies" Zool.Sci.15. 661-666 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Yutaka Hirakura: "Membrane Perturbation by the Alzhemer Amyloid Fragment β25-35 Requires Aggregation" Biochem.Mol.Biol.Intnl.46. 787-794 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Susumu Tomita: "Interaction of a Neuron-specific Protein Containing PDZ Domains with Alzhemer's Amyloid Precursor Protein" J.Biol.Chem.274. 2243-2254 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Satoshi Watanabe: "Glutamate Induces Cl^- and K^+ Curents in the Olfacotry Interneurons of a Terrestrial Slug" J.Comp.Physiol.A. (in press). (1999)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Kanae Ando: "Role of Phsphorylation of Alzheimer's Amyloid Precursor Protein during Neuronal Differentiation" J.Neurosci.(in press). (1999)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 桐野 豊: "基礎薬学 物理化学(改訂版)" 廣川書店(in press), (1999)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report

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Published: 1998-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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