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北極域対流圏・成層圏物質の変動と気候影響

Research Project

Project/Area Number 11208201
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Review Section Science and Engineering
Research InstitutionNational Institute of Polar Research

Principal Investigator

山内 恭  国立極地研究所, 研究教育系, 教授 (00141995)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 和田 誠  国立極地研究所, 研究教育系, 教授 (40132716)
塩原 匡貴  国立極地研究所, 研究教育系, 助教授 (60291887)
森本 真司  国立極地研究所, 研究教育系, 助手 (30270424)
青木 周司  東北大学, 大学院・理学研究科, 教授 (00183129)
山形 定  北海道大学, 大学院・工学研究科, 助手 (80220242)
橋田 元  国立極地研究所, 南極圏環境モニタリング研究センター, 助手 (00280537)
遊馬 芳雄  北海道大学, 大学院・理学研究科, 講師 (10183732)
平沢 尚彦  国立極地研究所, 情報科学センター, 助手 (10270422)
Project Period (FY) 1999 – 2004
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2004)
Budget Amount *help
¥195,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥195,500,000)
Fiscal Year 2004: ¥29,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥29,200,000)
Fiscal Year 2003: ¥30,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥30,600,000)
Fiscal Year 2002: ¥27,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥27,900,000)
Fiscal Year 2001: ¥61,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥61,100,000)
Fiscal Year 2000: ¥23,700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥23,700,000)
Fiscal Year 1999: ¥23,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥23,000,000)
Keywords温室効果気体 / 二酸化炭素 / 雲 / マイクロバルスライダー / インパクター / 北極ヘイズ / 成層圏・対流圏交換 / 国際研究者交流(ドイツ) / 大気-海洋交換 / エアロゾル / 北極ヘーズ / 放射強制力 / 内部混合 / 極低気圧(ポーラーロー) / 極渦 / 生成・消滅過程 / 同位体分布 / 二酸化炭素分圧 / エアロゾルサンプリング / 放射効果 / 気候影響 / 温室効果大気
Research Abstract

北極域大気の対流圏、成層圏における温室効果気体やエアロゾル、オゾン、雲の変動を明らかにし、その原因となる輸送や生成・消滅/吸収過程の解明をはかり、南極域と対比しつつ、放射効果などを通じた気候への影響を評価することを目的としている。平成16年度は以下の結果を得た。
1.スバールバル諸島ニーオルスン基地における、温室効果気体についての大気サンプリング観測や、地上観測、オゾンの連続観測を継続した。気体濃度の分析として二酸化炭素、メタン、一酸化二窒素、酸素・窒素比、SF6濃度について実施し、さらに安定同位体比として二酸化炭素中の炭素同位体、酸素同位体、メタン中の炭素同位体比を求めた。特に酸素・窒素比から二酸化炭素収支のここ数年の様態が明らかにされた。
2.地上からのエアロゾル・雲のリモートセンシング観測として進めているマイクロパルスライダー観測に併せ全天カメラ観測を行い、雲の情報取得につとめた。レーダ観測は継続しエコー頂高度分布統計値の取得を進めた。
3.北極対流圏エアロゾル雲放射総合観測(ASTAR 2004)に参加した。ドイツ、アルフレッド・ウェーゲナー極地海洋研究所(AWI)の航空機2機を使って、5〜6月に実施したもので、多数の機関が参加した。インパクターの観測からは、先のASTAR2000とは異なる人為的汚染の少ない清浄なエアロゾル組成が明らかにされた。地上観測からは、北極ヘイズの時期が終了し、大気が清浄になる過程がとらえられている。
4.引き続きASTAR 2000(北極対流圏エアロゾル放射総合観測)およびAAMP 02(北極海横断航空機大気観測)の高次のデータ解析が進められ、エアロゾルの分布にクラスター解析を適用した結果や成層圏・対流圏物質交換の指標となる様々な物質の分布が導出された。

Report

(6 results)
  • 2004 Annual Research Report
  • 2003 Annual Research Report
  • 2002 Annual Research Report
  • 2001 Annual Research Report
  • 2000 Annual Research Report
  • 1999 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (31 results)

All 2005 2004 Other

All Journal Article (5 results) Publications (26 results)

  • [Journal Article] Polar night investigation of chemical components in fresh snow particles and aerosol/gas in the atmosphere at Ny-Alesund.2005

    • Author(s)
      Endoh, T., et al.
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings 14^<th> ICCP, Bologna, Italy.

      Pages: 440-443

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Size distributions of snow and aerosol particles in a continuous precipitation with a change of surface ozone concentration at Ny-Alesund.2005

    • Author(s)
      Wada, M., et al.
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings 14^<th> ICCP, Bologna, Italy.

      Pages: 1765-1768

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Arctic Study of Tropospheric Aerosol and Radiation (ASTAR) 2000 : Arctic haze case study.2005

    • Author(s)
      Yamanouchi, T., et al.
    • Journal Title

      Tellus 57B

      Pages: 141-152

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Interpretation of Arctic aerosol properties using cluster analysis applied to observations in the Svalbard area.2004

    • Author(s)
      Treffeisen, R. et al.
    • Journal Title

      Tellus 56B

      Pages: 457-476

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] The evolution of Pinatsubo aerosols in the Arctic stratosphere during 1994-2000.2004

    • Author(s)
      Watanabe, M., et al.
    • Journal Title

      Atmospheric Research 69

      Pages: 199-215

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Hara, K., S.Yamagata, T.Yamanouchi, et al.: "Mixing states of individual aerosol particles in spring Arctic troposphere during ASTAR 2000 campaign."J.Geophys.Res.. 108-D7. 4209 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Inomata, Y., Y.Iwasaka, S.Morimoto, et al.: "Carbonyl Sulfide Concentration in the Arctic Lowermost Stratosphere and Stratosphere-Troposphere Transport."J.Meteorol.Soc.Japn. 81. 1471-1483 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Morimoto, S.et al.: "In-situ measurement of the ozone concentration in the Arctic Airborne Measurement Program 2002 (AAMP 02)."Polar Meteorol.Glaciol.. 17. 81-93 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Shiobara, M., M.Yabuki, H.Kobayashi: "A polar cloud analysis based on Micro-pulse Lidar measurements at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard and Syowa, Antarctica."Phys.Chem.Earth.. 28. 1205-1212 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Thomason, L.W., A.B.Herber, K.Sato, T.Yamanouchi: "Arctic Study on Tropospheric Aerosol and Radiation : comparison of tropospheric aerosol extinction profiles measured by airborne photometer and SAGE II."Geophys.Res.Lett.. 30. 1328 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Yamanouchi, T., M.Wada, M.Shiobara, S.et al.: "Preliminary report of the "Arctic Airborne Measurement Program 2002" (AAMP 02)."Polar Meteorol.Glaciol.. 17. 103-115 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Hara, K., Yamagata, S., Yamanouchi, T., et al.: "Vertical variations of sea-salt modification in the boundary layer of spring Arctic during the ASTAR2000 campaign"Tellus. 54B. 361-376 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Morimoto, S., et al.: "Meteorological data at Japanese Ny-Alesund Observatory, Svalbard I 1999 and 2000"NIPR Arctic Data Reports. 5. 1-204 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Nakazawa, T., Aoki, S., Hashida, G.et al.: "Variations of stratospheric trace gases measured using a balloon-borne cryogenic sampler"Adv.Space Res.. 30. 1349-1357 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Ishidoya, S., Aoki, S., Nakazawa, T.: "High pecision measurements of the atmospheric O2/N2 ratio using a mass spectrometer"J.Meteorol.Soc. Japan. 81. 127-140 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Thomason, L., Herber, A., Yamanouchi, T., Sato, K.: "Arctic study on tropospheric aerosol and radiation : comparison of tropospheric aerosol extinction profiles measured by airborne photometer and SAGE II"Geophysical research letters. 30-6. 1328 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Hara, K., Yamagata, S., Yamanouchi, T., et al.: "Mixing states of individual aerosol particles in spring Arctic troposphere during ASTAR 2000 campaign"J.Geophys.Res.. 108(in press). (2003)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Asuma, Y., N.Ogitani, M.Wada: "Radar echo characteristics at Ny-Alesund, Spitsbergen Island and Arctic storms over the Norwegian Sea"Extended Abstract of Second Wadati Conference on Global Change and the Polar Climate, Tsukuba, Japan. 166-168 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Hara, K., K.Osada, K.Matsunaga, T.Sakai, Y.Iwasaka, K, Furuya: "Concentration trends and mixing states of particulate oxalate in Arctic boundary layer in winter/spring"J. Geophys. Res. 107(Printing). (2002)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Hashida, G. et al.: "Temporal and spatial variations of surface oceanic CO_2 in the Greenland Sea and the Barents Sea"Extended Abstracts, 6th International Carbon Dioxide Conference, October 1-5, 2001, Sendai, Japan. 639-640 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Morimoto, S., S.Aoki T.Yamanouchi: "Temporal variations of atmospheric CO2 concentration and carbon isotope ratio in Ny-Alesund, Svalbard. "Environmental Research in the Arctic 2000""Mem. Natl. Inst. Polar Res., Spec. Issue. 54. 71-80 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Shibata, T., H.Adachi, Y.Iwasaka, K.Shiraishi, M.Fujiwara: "Lidar-observed arctic PSCs over Svalbard"Proceedings of SPIE, Lidar remotesensing for industry and Environment monitoring, 9-12 Oct. 2000, Sendai Japan. 4153. 256-263 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 山内 恭: "環北極気候比較におけるスバールバルの気候特性"南極資料. 45. 329-352 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Yamanouchi,T. and A.Herber: "Arctic study of tropospheric acrosol and radiation, ASTAR 2000 -field plan-"Environmental Research in the Arctic 2000, Mem.Natl.Polar Res., Spec.Issue. 54(Printing). (2001)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Yamanouchi,T.: "Observation of polar clouds and acrosols for radiation budget and climate study"Proceedings 1st Int'1 Workshop on Spaceborne Cloud Profiling Radar, Tsukuba, Japan, 24-26 Januray 2000. 85-91 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Morimoto,S.,S.Aoki and T.Yamanouchi: "Temporal variations of atmospheric CO_2 concentration and carbon isotope ratio in Ny-Alesund, Svalbard"Environmental Research in the Arctic 2000, Mem.Natl.Polar Res., Spec.Issue. 54(Printing). (2001)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Asuma,Y.,Y.Inoue,K.Kikuchi,M.Kajikawa,N.Sato and T.Hayakawa: "Wintertime precipitation behavior in the western Canadian Arctic region"J.Geophys.Res.. 105. 14927-14939 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Shibata,T.,H.Adachi,Y.Iwasaka,K.Shiraishi, and M.Fujiwara: "Lidar-Observed arctic PSCs over Svalbard"Lidar remote sensing for industry and environment monitoring, Proceedings of SPIE. 4153(Printing). (2001)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Morimoto,S.,Nakazawa,T.,Higuchi,K.and Aoki,S.: "Latitudinal distribution of atmospheric CO_2 sources and sinks inferred by δ13C measurements from 1985 to 1991"J.Geophys.Res.. 105. 24315-24326 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Shiohara,M. et al.: "An overview and preliminary results from the Arctic airborne measurement program 1998 campaign."Polar Meteorology and Glaciology. 13. 99-110 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Asuma,Y. et al.: "Wintertime precipitation behavior In the western Canadian Arctic region."I.Geophys.Res.. (Printing). (1999)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report

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Published: 1999-04-01   Modified: 2018-03-28  

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