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環北極雪氷掘削コアによる比較環境変動研究

Research Project

Project/Area Number 11208202
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Review Section Science and Engineering
Research InstitutionNational Institute of Polar Research

Principal Investigator

神山 孝吉 (1999-2000, 2003-2004)  国立極地研究所, 研究教育系, 教授 (70135507)

東 久美子 (2001-2002)  国立極地研究所, 研究系, 助教授 (80202620)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 藤井 理行  国立極地研究所, 研究教育系, 教授 (20125214)
本山 秀明  国立極地研究所, 研究教育系, 助教授 (20210099)
藤田 秀二  国立極地研究所, 研究教育系, 助教授 (30250476)
古川 晶雄  国立極地研究所, 研究教育系, 助手 (70261120)
橋田 元  国立極地研究所, 研究教育系, 助手 (00280537)
渡辺 興亜  国立極地研究所, 所長 (60111861)
庄子 仁  北見工業大学, 工学部, 教授 (50201562)
神山 孝吉  国立極地研究所, 研究系, 教授 (70135507)
東 久美子  国立極地研究所, 研究系, 助教授 (80202620)
Project Period (FY) 1999 – 2004
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2004)
Budget Amount *help
¥123,700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥123,700,000)
Fiscal Year 2004: ¥12,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥12,400,000)
Fiscal Year 2003: ¥9,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥9,900,000)
Fiscal Year 2002: ¥14,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥14,100,000)
Fiscal Year 2001: ¥13,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,600,000)
Fiscal Year 2000: ¥39,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥39,400,000)
Fiscal Year 1999: ¥34,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥34,300,000)
Keywords雪氷コア解析 / 融解影響 / 環北極海雪氷コア観測計画 / 雪氷微生物 / 北極域の環境変動の復元 / 雪氷コアでの古環境復元計画 / 季節マーカー / 粒子サイズ / シベリア広域積雪調査 / North GRIP計画 / 低温期 / 温暖期 / NOrth GRIP計画 / 霧氷コアでの古環境復元計画 / 深層雪氷コア / 雪氷コア / 古環境変動 / 北極 / 物質輸送 / 雪氷圏 / 汚染 / 環境比較
Research Abstract

北極域の雪氷コアには夏期に融解があった記録がしばしば見られる。
2000年に採取した12.3m深の氷コアの解析結果から、雪が堆積したのち融解が生じると、δ^<18>Oの季節変動から正確な年層境界を決めることが難しいことがわかった。
そして、2001年に採取した4.5m深ピット試料と25.01m深の氷コアについても同様の結果が得られた。δ^<18>Oの深さプロファイルから、表層約2.5m深まではδ^<18>Oの季節変動を明瞭に読み取れるものの、それ以深では融解の影響によりδ^<18>O季節変動は小さく、且つ不明瞭になっており、その変動を読み取ることは難しくなっている。
融解の影響を受けている氷コアから高精度な環境復元をおこなうために、試料に含まれる融解の影響を受けにくい物質に注目した。
雪氷試料に含まれる融解の影響を受けにくい物質として、花粉、雪氷微生物(氷河上で繁殖する微生物)、ダストが考えられた。これらの物質は不溶態として存在し、かつ粒径サイズが比較的大きい(数μm〜100μm)ため、融解水による積雪中の移動が小さい。したがって、これらの物質が持つ情報は、融解が生じる場合でも、環境シグナルの攪乱や消失は少ないと考えられる。しかしながら、積雪中の不溶性物質が融解によって受ける影響については不明な点が多く、粒径の違いによる移動のしやすさについてもこれまでよく知られていなかった。
そこで、融解にともなう粒子のサイズとその影響を評価するために、雪氷微生物をそのサイズ毎に分類し、各サイズにおける微生物バイオマスの深さプロファイルを比較した。雪氷微生物は、花粉やダストと異なり氷河上で繁殖するため、粒子のサイズによる大気輸送条件の影響が無視できるので、融解にともなう粒子への影響を評価するにはもっとも適していると考えられる。細胞のサイズの大きな(7.5μm以上)緑藻類ではコアにいくつかの大きなピーク値が確認され、細胞のサイズが小さい(〜3μm以下)シアノバクテリア、バクテリア、緑藻類は、緑藻類に比べ複数のピークが現れた。したがって、7.5μm以上の粒子については、融解水による流出等の影響は少ないと評価された。
本結果は2004年のカナダ太平洋域のマウントローガンにおいても観測実証された。今後積極的にコアの季節マーカーとして活用していきたい。

Report

(6 results)
  • 2004 Annual Research Report
  • 2003 Annual Research Report
  • 2002 Annual Research Report
  • 2001 Annual Research Report
  • 2000 Annual Research Report
  • 1999 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (54 results)

All 2005 2004 Other

All Journal Article (6 results) Publications (48 results)

  • [Journal Article] Concentrations, deposition rates and source variations of n-alkanes in Sofiyskiy Glacier, Russian Altai Mountains, Russian Altai Mountains2005

    • Author(s)
      Miyake, T.
    • Journal Title

      Bulletin of Glacier Research 22

      Pages: 81-87

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Isotopic composition and origin of snow over Siberia2005

    • Author(s)
      Kurita, N.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Geophysical Research (発表予定)

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Starigraphy and ice grains of a 25.3m ice core from Sofiyskiy Glacier, Russian Altai Mountains, in 20012004

    • Author(s)
      Kameda, T.
    • Journal Title

      Bulletin of Glacier Research 21

      Pages: 65-69

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Application of pollen analysis to dating of ice cores from lower-latitude glaciers2004

    • Author(s)
      Nakazawa, F.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Geophysical Research 109(F4)

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period2004

    • Author(s)
      North Greenland Ice-Core Project (North GRIP) Members
    • Journal Title

      Nature 431, Issue7005

      Pages: 147-151

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Chemical characteristics in a 22-m ice core on the Belukha Glacier, Russia2004

    • Author(s)
      Iizuka, Y.
    • Journal Title

      Polar Meteorology and Glaciology 18

      Pages: 114-120

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Delmas, R.J.: "Linking Antarctic glaciochemical records to past climate changes"Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research, Special Issue. 57. 105-120 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Isaksson, Elisabeth: "Ice cores from Svalbard-useful archives of past climate and pollution history"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth. 28. 28-32 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Kameda, T.: "Seasonality of isotopic and chemical species and biomass burning signals remaining in wet snow in the accumulation area of Sofiyskiy Glacier, Russian Altai Mountains"Polar Meteorology and Glaciology. 17. 15-24 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Wilen, L.A.: "Development, principles and applications of automated ice fabric analyses"Microscopy Research and Technique. 62. 2-18 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Matoba, S.: "Anthropogenic trace metals in an ice core at Vestfonna, Svalbard, Norway"Chinese Journal of Polar Science. 14. 41-47 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 本山 秀明: "クロム還元法による水素同位体比の測定と極域雪氷試料への適応"南極資料. 47.No.2. 101-110 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Pinglot, J.F.: "Ice core from Arctic sub-polar glaciers : chronology and post-depositional progress deduced from radioactivity measurements"Journal of Glaciology. 164. 149-158 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Shiraiwa, T.: "Ice core drilling at King Col, Mount Logan 2002"Bulletin of Glacier Research. 20. 57-63 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Shoji, H.: "A bipolar comparison of deep ice cores from Antarctica (Dome Fuji) and Greenland (GRIP)"Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research, Special Issue. 57. 86-93 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 渡辺 興亜: "極域におけるモニタリングと氷床変動"生物の科学 遺伝. 別冊17. 58-68 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] K.Goto-Azuma: "An ice core record over the last two centuries from Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island, Canada"Annals of Glaciology. 35. 29-35 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] R.Rothlisberger: "Nitrate in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores : a detailed description of post-depositional processes"Annals of Glaciology. 35. 209-216 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] M.Kohno: "Past 220 year bipolar volcanic signals : remarks on common feature their source volcanic eruptions"Annals of Glaciology. 35. 217-223 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 神田尚子: "新潟県中魚沼郡中里村における融雪期の積雪中固体微粒子濃度の時間変化"雪氷. 64・5. 549-559 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] K.Goto-Azuma: "An overview of the Japanese glaciological studies on Mt.Logan, Yukon Territory, Canada in 2002"Bulletin of Glaciological Research. 20. 65-72 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Shiraiwa: "Ice core drilling at King Col, Mount Logan 2002"Bulletin of Glaciological Research. 20. 57-63 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] A.Miyamoto: "The effect of hydrostatic pressure on crack formation in ice single crystals"Mem.Natl.Inst.Polar Res., Spec.Issue. 56. 287-294 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] K.Hyakutake: "Microscopic observations on microtomed surface of ice"Mem.Natl.Inst.Polar Res., Spec.Issue. 56. 295-301 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] M.Takata: "Stratigraphica structure analysis of the NGRIP shallow ice core using laser tomograph technique"Bulletin of Glaciological Research. 19. 19-24 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] K.Fujita: "Ice Core Drilling on the Southern Slope of Nepal Himalayas"Mem.Natl.Inst.Polar Res., Spec.Issue 56. 56(印刷中). (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Y.Fujii: "Outline of Japan-Russia joint glaciological research on Sofiyskiy Glacier, Russian Altai Mountains in 2000 and 2001"Bulletin of Glaciological Research. 19. 53-58 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Yamada: "Reconnaissance on the No.31 Glacier in the Suntar-Khayata Range, Sakha Republic, Rissia Federation"Bulletin of Glaciological Research. 19. 101-106 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 藤井理行: "シベリア、厳寒のフィールドワーク"まほら. 33. 46-47 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Suzuki, K.: "Meteorological observations on Sofiyskiy Glacier. Russian Altai Mountains"Polar Meteorology and Glaciology. 16. 140-148 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Matoba, S.: "Ice core chemistry of Vestfonna Ice Cap in Svalbard, Norway"Journal of Geophysical Research. 107・D23. ACH19-1-ACG19-7 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 東久美子: "氷床・氷河に記録された気候・環境の変動,気候変動と水災害(米谷恒春,葛葉泰久,岸井徳雄編)"信山社サイテック. 58-73 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] K.Goto-Azuma: "Ice core studies of anthropogenic sulfate and nitrate trends in the Arctic"Journal of Geophysical Research. 106. 4959-4969 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] O.Watanabe: "Studies on climatic and environmental changes during the last few hundred years using ice cores from various sites in 36. Nordaustlandet, Svalbard"Mem. Natl. Inst. Polar Res., Spec. Issue. 54. 227-242 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] N.Takeuchi: "Biological characteristics of dark colored material (cryoconite) on Canadian Arctic glaciers (Devon and Penny ice caps)"Mem. Natl. Inst. Polar Res., Spec. Issue. 54. 495-506 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] H.Motoyama: "Regional characteristics of chemical constituents in surface snow, Arctic cryosphere"Polar Meteorology and Glaciology. 15. 55-66 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] K.Goto-Azuma: "An ice core record over the last two centuries from Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island, Canada"Annals of Glaciology. 35(印刷中). (2002)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] S.Matoba: "Meteorological observation and chemical compositions of precipitation during the winter and spring season in 1997/98 at Siorapaluk, northwestern Greenland"Bulletin of Glaciological Research. (印刷中). (2002)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Fujii, Y.: "Outline of Japan-Russia joint Glaciological Research on Sofiyskiy Glacier, Russian Altai Mountains in 2000 and 2001"Bulletin of Glaciological Research. (印刷中). (2002)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 藤井理行: "ロシア・アルタイ山脈ソフィスキー氷河における雪氷観測"雪氷. 62・6. 549-556 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] R.Rothlisberger: "Nitrate in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores: a detailed description of post-depositional processes"Annals of Glaciology. 35(印刷中). (2002)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Yoshiyuki Fujii: "210-year ice core records of dust storm, volcanic eruptions and acidification at Site-J, Greenland"Mem. Natl. Inst. Polar Res., Spec. Issue. 54. 209-220 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Makoto Igarashi: "Stable oxygen isotope ratio observed in the precipitation at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard"Mem. Natl. Inst. Polar Res., Spec. Issue. 54. 169-182 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Hitoshi Shoji: "Japanese glaciological study efforts in the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP)"Mem. Natl. Inst. Polar Res., Spec. Issue. 54. 221-225 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Kokichi Kamiyama: "Field observations of the Japanese Arctic Glaciological Expeditions in Svalbard from 1993 to 1995"Mem. Natl. Inst. Polar Res., Spec. Issue. 54. 243-252 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Hideaki Motoyama: "Activities of the Japanese Arctic Glaciological Expedition in 1999 (JAGE 1999)"Mem. Natl. Inst. Polar Res., Spec. Issue. 54. 253-260 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Sugiyama,K.: "Measurement of electrical conductance in ice cores by AC-ECM method."Physics of Ice Core Records.Ed.by T.Hondoh, p.459, Hokkaido University Press, Sapporo.. 173-184 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Goto-Azuma,K.: "Processes affecting ice-core chemical stratigraphy(Abstract)."Physics of Ice Core Records.Ed.by T.Hondoh, p.459, Hokkaido University Press, Sapporo.. 213 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Watanabe,O.: "Activities of the Japanese Arctic Glaciological Expedition in 1998 (JAGE 1998)."Bulletin of Glaciological Research.. 17. 31-35 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 飯塚芳徳: "スバールバル諸島アウストフォンナ氷帽頂上における融解による積雪中化学主成分の流出."雪氷.. 62. 245-254 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Takata,M.: "An attempt at determination of calcium in ice by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy."Bulletin of Glaciological Research. 17. 37-42 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Motoyama,H.: "Distribution of chemical constituents in superimposed ice from Austre Broggerbreen, Spitsbergen."Geografiska Annaler.. 82A. 33-38 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Koerner,R.M.: "A 100 year record of ion chemistry from Agassiz Ice Cap, Northern Ellesmere Island NWT, Canada"Atmospehric Environment. 33. 347-357 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Kawamura,K.: "Implication of azelatic acid in a Greenland ice core for oceanic and atmospheric changes in high latitudes"Geophysical Research Letter. 26・7. 871-874 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report

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Published: 1999-04-01   Modified: 2018-03-28  

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