| Project/Area Number |
11354011
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 展開研究 |
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| Research Field |
人類学(含生理人類学)
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| Research Institution | Natiomal Institute of Genetics |
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Principal Investigator |
SAITOU Naruya Natiomal Institute of Genetics, Department of Population Genetics, Professor, 集団遺伝研究系, 教授 (30192587)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
UEDA Shintaroh university of Tokyo,Graduate School of Science,Associate Professor, 大学院・理学系研究科, 助教授 (20143357)
GOJOBORI Takashi Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan,Professor, DDBJ研究センター, 教授 (50162136)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1999 – 2001
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2001)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥32,760,000 (Direct Cost: ¥31,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,560,000)
Fiscal Year 2001: ¥6,760,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,560,000)
Fiscal Year 2000: ¥4,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,500,000)
Fiscal Year 1999: ¥21,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥21,500,000)
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| Keywords | hommization / ape / genome / gene / evolution / Silver |
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| Research Abstract |
We conducted series of studies on following subjects in ape genome project Silver. (1) We compared human and ape sequences for 30 loci about 1kb each, and found that human-specific important changes (nonsynonymous changes and those in promoter regions) were 0.1%. If this value can be considered as representative for all "gene" region (ca. 4% of whole genome) responsible for amino acid codng and gene expression regulation, total number of candidate changes responsible for human uniqueness becomes 120, 000 (=0.001 x 0.04 x 3, 000, 000, 000). (2) We determined about 21kb region of HoxA cluster for chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan. Difference between human and chimpanzee was only 0.7% despite most of this region is intergenic. This suggests that integenic region in Hox cluster contains cnsiderable portion of gene regulatory sequences which are under selective constraint. (3) We determined mitochondrial DNA 16SrRNA sequences for several to dozens of individuals of chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, orangutan, and several gibbon species. In all species, nucleotide diversity was higher than that of human. (4) We developed of new softwares for comparative genomics of closely related species. Website of the Silver Project is http : //sayer.lab.nig.ac.jp/-silver/.
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