| Project/Area Number |
11610411
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
History of Europe and America
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| Research Institution | Nanzan University (2000-2002)
Nagoya Seirei Junior College (1999) |
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Principal Investigator |
YAMADA Nozomu Nanzan University, Department of Policy Studies, Associate Professor, 総合政策学部, 助教授 (70279967)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1999 – 2002
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2002)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,500,000)
Fiscal Year 2002: ¥700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000)
Fiscal Year 2001: ¥500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000)
Fiscal Year 2000: ¥500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000)
Fiscal Year 1999: ¥800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000)
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| Keywords | Papacy / Pelagius / Pelagians / Nestorians / Roman Empire / Heresy / Excommunication / Ancient Churches / 帝政末期 / 修道制 / キュリロス / アウグスティヌス / 東方型修道制 / アスケーシス / アンブロシアステル / 教皇 / ローマ首位権 / 幼児洗礼 / 原罪論 |
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| Research Abstract |
In the middle of the 3^<rd> century, the Roman bishops and those of North Africa agreed to acknowledge the papal primacy out of necessity to make a joint front in order to excommunicate the Arians. In the middle of the 5^<th> century, the Papacy was more strengthened through the antagonism between the Eastern churches and the Western concerning the authority of the bishops.
In addition to such external factors, the structural change inside the Western Churches also contributed to the establishment of the primacy of the Papacy as an internal factor. Compared to the Eastern region, upper-class pagans and their traditional culture were still strongly influential in the West. Therefore, it was required for the Western Churches not only to romanize, namely secularize to some extent, but also to institutionalize, that is, to build a firm organization based on the Papacy. In such a phase, Augustine's theory on original sin could offer a pertinent theological framework to promote the secularization of the Western Churches and to build up the churches required a stronger authority for forgiveness of sin. In consequences, the Papacy as the supreme authority which could excommunicate heresies and forgive was declared in the Gelasius papal documents in the 5^<th> century. In the same documents, it was stipulated that the Papacy was superior to the rights of the emperor in religious matter. This is the final evidence which proved symbolically the function of the external and internal factors for establishing the primacy of the Papacy.
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