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The Status of the Trade Related Environmental Measure Based on A Process and Production Method under the WTO Law

Research Project

Project/Area Number 11620032
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field International law
Research InstitutionOsaka City University

Principal Investigator

TAIRA Satoru  Osaka City University, Graduate School of Law, Professor (20163149)

Project Period (FY) 1999 – 2001
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2001)
Budget Amount *help
¥3,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,000,000)
Fiscal Year 2001: ¥800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000)
Fiscal Year 2000: ¥1,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000)
Fiscal Year 1999: ¥1,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000)
KeywordsWTO / GATT / PPM / process and production method / multilateral environmental agreement / trade and environment / SPS Agreement / trade related environmental measure / エコラベル / TBT協定
Research Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine a problem that is described as follows : can a trade ban on a product imposed because of the fact that the "process and production method (PPM)" of that product is harmful to the environment be consistent with the WTO law?
In order to do so, this study first critically analyzed the interpretations of the WTO law showed by panels and the Appellate Body in several dispute settlement cases. Second, it considered with a broader perspective and context the controversy between environmentalists and trade specialists and the relevancies of the north-south problem and the human right problem. Third, this study considered several international law problems that are raised by the PPM based trade measure, such as those on its unilateral and extraterritorial character and on the possible conflict between a multilateral environmental agreement (MEA) and the WTO law in a case where the measure was imposed under the MEA. And forth, this study examined the categorization of PPMs proposed by the OECD and identified a group of issues raised by a non-product-related PPM. It proposed labeling of a PPM on the product as a possible solution and considered the consistency of the labeling measure with WTO law.
However, the examination of the WTO law consistency in this study was in large part limited to the GATT consistency. As more frequent invocation of the PPM based trade measures is expected now in order to regulate greenhouse gases emissions and bio-technology products, it will become an important problem to secure the consistency of these measures with other two WTO agreements : the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement). Although this study tried to clarify the structure and some problems of the SPS Agreement, the more detailed analysis of these two agreements is left as the future agenda.

Report

(4 results)
  • 2001 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report Summary
  • 2000 Annual Research Report
  • 1999 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (34 results)

All 2009 2008 2005 2004 2003 2002 2000 1999 Other

All Journal Article (19 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 2 results) Presentation (6 results) Book (5 results) Publications (4 results)

  • [Journal Article] 日米BSE問題とSPS協定2008

    • Author(s)
      平覚
    • Journal Title

      『食の安全と貿易-WTO・SPS協定の法と経済分析』(山下一仁編著)

      Pages: 385-412

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Live with a Quiet but Uneasy Status Quo? -An Evolutionary Role the Appellate Body Can Play in Resolution of 'Trade and Environment' Disputes-2008

    • Author(s)
      Taira, Satoru
    • Journal Title

      AGREEING AND IMPLEMENTING THE DOHA ROUND OF THE WTO(Harald Hohmann ed.)

      Pages: 420-437

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Boeki to Kankyo(Trade and Environment)Taira, Satoru, Nichibei BSE Mondai to SPS Kyotei(The Japan-US Problem on BSE and the SPS Agreement)2008

    • Author(s)
      Taira, Satoru
    • Journal Title

      SHOKU NO AN-ZEN TO BOEKI-WTO/SPS KYOTEI NO HO TO KEIZAI BUNSEK I(Food Security and Trade-TheLaw of the WTO-SPS Agreement and Economic Analysis)

      Pages: 385-412

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Live with a Quiet but Uneasy Status Quo? -An Evolutionary Role the Appellate Body Can Play in Resolution of 'Trade and Environment' Disputes-2008

    • Author(s)
      Taira, Satoru
    • Journal Title

      AGREEING AND IMPLEMENTING THE DOHA ROUND OF THE WTO

      Pages: 420-437

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] 「貿易と環境」に関する紛争の解決におけるWTO上級委員会の「創造的」役割2004

    • Author(s)
      平覚
    • Journal Title

      『グローバル化時代の法と法律家』(阿部昌樹・佐々木雅寿・平覚編)

      Pages: 62-82

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] 貿易と環境-京都議定書とWTO法2004

    • Author(s)
      平覚
    • Journal Title

      『WTOの諸相』(松下満雄編)

      Pages: 66-103

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] 日本の輸入リンゴに係る検疫措置2004

    • Author(s)
      平覚
    • Journal Title

      『ガット・WTOの紛争処理に関する調査 調査報告書XIV』(公正貿易センター) 14

      Pages: 199-222

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] 貿易と環境2004

    • Author(s)
      平覚
    • Journal Title

      ジュリスト 1278

      Pages: 385-412

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Boeki to Kankyo ni kansuru Funso no Kaiketu ni okeru WTO Jokyu Iinkai no "sozoteki" Yakuwari(An Evolutionary Role the Appellate Body Can Play in Resolution of 'Trade and Environment' Disputes)2004

    • Author(s)
      Taira, Satoru
    • Journal Title

      GUROBARUKA JIDAI NO HO TO HORITUKA(Law and Lawyers in the age of Globalization)

      Pages: 62-82

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Boeki to Kankyo-Kyoto Giteisyo to WTO Ho(Trade and Environment-Kyoto Protocol and the WTO Law)2004

    • Author(s)
      Taira, Satoru
    • Journal Title

      WTO NO SHOSO(Some dimensions of the WTO)

      Pages: 66-103

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Nihon no Yunyu Ringo nikakaru Ken-eki Sochi(Japan-Measures Affecting the Importation of Apples)2004

    • Author(s)
      Taira, Satoru
    • Journal Title

      Gatto/WTO no Funso Syori ni kansuru Cyosa : Chosa Hokokusyo(Research Report on the Dispute Settlement of the GATT/WTO) 14

      Pages: 199-222

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Trade and the Environment : The Possible Consistency of PPM-Based Trade Measures with GATT19942003

    • Author(s)
      Taira, Satoru
    • Journal Title

      TRILATERAL PERSPECTIVES ON INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ISSUES : CONFLICT AND COHERENCE(Chi Carmody, Yuji Iwasawa & Sylvia Rhodes eds.)

      Pages: 309-323

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Trade and the Environment : The Possible Consistency of PPM-Based Trade Measures with GATT19942003

    • Author(s)
      Taira, Satoru
    • Journal Title

      TRILATERAL PERSPECTIVES ON INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ISSUES : CONFLICT AND COHERENCE

      Pages: 309-323

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] 気候変動枠組み条約及び京都議定書とWTO協定の関係2002

    • Author(s)
      平覚
    • Journal Title

      『貿易と環境に関するワークショップ報告書』(外務省)

      Pages: 21-28

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Kiko Hendo Wakugumi Joyaku oyobi Kyoto Giteisyo to WTO Kyoutei no Kankei(The Relation between the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol on the one hand and the WTO Agreement on the other hand)2002

    • Author(s)
      Taira, Satoru
    • Journal Title

      Boeki to Kankyo ni kansuru Wakushopu Hokokusho(The Report of the Workshop on trade and Environment)(Ministry of Foreign Affairs)

      Pages: 21-28

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Reconciling Environmental Values with Trade Values : A Question of How to Deal with Trade Related Environmental Measures Based on Processes and Production Methods under the GATT/WTO Law2000

    • Author(s)
      Taira, Satoru
    • Journal Title

      UMWELTSCHUTZ UND RECHT IN DEUTSCLAND UND JAPAN(Dieter Leipold ed.)

      Pages: 341-358

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Reconciling Environmental Values with Trade Values : A Question of How to Deal with Trade Related Environmental Measures Based on Processes and Production Methods under the GATTIWTO Law2000

    • Author(s)
      Taira, Satoru
    • Journal Title

      UMWELTSCHUTZ UND RECHT IN DEUTSCLAND UND JAPAN

      Pages: 341-358

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] 環境価値と貿易価値の調整-ppmに基づく貿易関連環境措置のGATT/WTO法上の取扱いについて-1999

    • Author(s)
      平覚
    • Journal Title

      『環境保護と法:日独シンポジウム』(松本博之、西谷敏、佐藤岩夫編)、信山社出版

      Pages: 409-434

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Kankyo Kachi to Boeki Kachi no Chosei-ppm ni motozuku Boeki Kanren Kankyo Sochi no GATT/WTO Hojo no Toriatsukai ni tuite(Reconciling Environmental Values with Trade Values : A Question of How to Deal with Trade Related Environmental Measures Based on Processes and Production Methods under the GATT/WTO Law)1999

    • Author(s)
      Taira, Satoru
    • Journal Title

      KANKYO HOGO TO HO : JAPAN-GERMAN SYMPOSIUM

      Pages: 409-434

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Presentation] Live with a Quiet but Uneasy Status Quo? -An Evolutionary Role the Appellate Body Can Play in Resolution of 'Trade and Environment' Disputes-2004

    • Author(s)
      Taira, Satoru
    • Organizer
      ILA(International Law Association)Post-Conference
    • Place of Presentation
      フランクフルト
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Presentation] Live with a Quiet but Uneasy Status Quo? -An Evolutionary Role the Appellate Body Can Play in Resolution of 'Trade and Environment' Disputes-2004

    • Author(s)
      Taira, Satoru
    • Organizer
      ILA(International Law Association) Post Conference
    • Place of Presentation
      Frankfurt
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Presentation] 気候変動枠組み条約及び京都議定書とWTO協定の関係2002

    • Author(s)
      平覚
    • Organizer
      貿易と環境に関するワークショップ
    • Place of Presentation
      外務省
    • Year and Date
      2002-03-25
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Presentation] Kiko Hendo Wakugumi Joyaku oyobi Kyoto Giteisyo to WTO Kyoutei no Kankei(The Relation between the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol on the one hand and the WTO Agreement on the other hand)2002

    • Author(s)
      Taira, Satoru
    • Organizer
      Boeki to Kankyo ni kansuru Wakushopu Iokokusho(The Report of the Workshop on Trade and Environment)
    • Place of Presentation
      Rinistry of Foreign Affairs
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Presentation] Trade and the Environment : The Possible Consistency of PPM-Based Trade Measures with GATT19942000

    • Author(s)
      Taira, Satoru
    • Organizer
      日米加三国国際法学会国際シンポジウム
    • Place of Presentation
      オタワ
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Presentation] Trade and the Environment : The Possible Consistency of PPM-Based Trade Measures with GATT19942000

    • Author(s)
      Taira, Satoru
    • Organizer
      Japan, U.S.and Canada International Law Societies' International Symposium
    • Place of Presentation
      Ottawa
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Book] ケースブックWTO法2009

    • Author(s)
      松下満雄・清水章雄・中川淳司編
    • Total Pages
      242
    • Publisher
      有斐閣
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Book] 国際関係法辞典(第2版)2005

    • Author(s)
      国際法学会編
    • Total Pages
      948
    • Publisher
      三省堂
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Book] グローバル化時代の法と法律家2004

    • Author(s)
      阿部昌樹、佐々木雅寿、平覚編
    • Total Pages
      363
    • Publisher
      日本評論社
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Book] 国際経済法2003

    • Author(s)
      中川淳司、清水章雄、平覚、間宮勇
    • Total Pages
      340
    • Publisher
      有斐閣
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Book] ケースブック ガット・WTO法2000

    • Author(s)
      松下満雄・清水章雄・中川淳司編
    • Total Pages
      354
    • Publisher
      有斐閣
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2001 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Satoru Taira: "Trade and Environment : Possible Consistency of PPM Based Trade Measures with the GATT 1994"TRILATERAL PERSPECTIVES ON INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ISSUES(Carmody et al. ed.). (2002)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 平覚: "WTOと地域貿易協定"国際取引法の基本問題(野村他編,法律文化社). (2002)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Satoru Taira: "Reconciling Environmental Values with Trade Values : A Question of How to Deal with Trade Related Environmental Measures Based on Processes and Production Methods under the GATT/WTO Law"UMWELTSCHUTZ UND RECHT IN DEUTSCLAND UND JAPAN (Dieter Leipold ed.). 341-358 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 平 覚: "環境価値と貿易価値の調整-ppmに基づく貿易関連環境措置のGATT/WTO法上の取扱いについて-"環境保護と法-日独シンポジウム(信山社). 409-434 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1999 Annual Research Report

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Published: 1999-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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